Browsing by Subject "Photonic crystals"
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Item Advanced lithographic patterning technologies : materials and processes(2007-05) Taylor, James Christopher, 1980-; Willson, C. G. (C. Grant), 1939-Item Advanced lithographic patterning technologies: materials and processes(2007) Taylor, James Christopher; Willson, C. G. (C. Grant), 1939-Item Optical effects in photonic crystals and metamaterials(2011-05) McIlhargey, James Garland; Shvets, G.; Li, XiaoquinIn this thesis, I will describe the polarization properties of two separate but similar optical systems. I will begin by showing anisotropy in a dielectric photonic crystal slab patterned with a periodic circular hole array. This anisotropy can be utilized in manipulating the gain properties of surface emitting photonic crystal lasers. I will then describe a metallic, planar metamaterial patterned similarly with a 2d periodic array of holes. The enhanced optical transmission of this system is demonstrated computationally and experimentally, with a good agreement between the two. I will also demonstrate polarization rotation in this array. The effect is shown to minimize the background contribution to the transmission resulting in the narrowing of the line width and improvement between on and off resonance contrast. I then provide a theory behind the polarization rotation in transmission through a metamaterial based upon a Jones matrix formulation, which is dependent only upon the existence of separate s and p resonances in a photonic system.Item Silicon - polymer hybrid integrated microwave photonic devices for optical interconnects and electromagnetic wave detection(2015-05) Zhang, Xingyu, 1986-; Chen, Ray T.; Willson, Grant; Alu, Andrea; Akinwande, Deji; Poggio, EnricoThe accelerating increase in information traffic demands the expansion of optical access network systems that require high-performance optical and photonic components. In short-range communication links, optical interconnects have been widely accepted as a viable approach to solve the problems that copper based electrical interconnects have encountered in keeping up with the surge in the data rate demand over the last decades. Low cost, ease of fabrication, and integration capabilities of low optical-loss polymers make them attractive for integrated photonic applications to support futuristic data communication networks. In addition to passive wave-guiding components, electro-optic (EO) polymers consisting of a polymeric matrix doped with organic nonlinear chromophores have enabled wide-RF-bandwidth and low-power active photonic devices. Beside board level passive and active optical components, on-chip micro- or nano-photonic devices have been made possible by the hybrid integration of EO polymers onto the silicon platform. In recent years, silicon photonics have attracted a significant amount of attentions, because it offers compact device size and the potential of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible photonic integrated circuits. The combination of silicon photonics and EO polymers can enable miniaturized and high-performance hybrid integrated photonic devices, such as electro-optic modulators, optical interconnects, and microwave photonic sensors. Silicon photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) exhibit slow-light effects which are beneficial for device miniaturization. Especially, EO polymer filled silicon slotted PCWs further reduce the device size and enhance the device performance by combining the best of these two systems. The potential applications of these silicon-polymer hybrid integrated devices include not only optical interconnects, but also optical sensing and microwave photonics. In this dissertation, the design, fabrication, and characterization of several types of silicon-polymer hybrid photonic devices will be presented, including EO polymer filled silicon PCW modulators for on-chip optical interconnects, antenna-coupled optical modulators for electromagnetic wave detections, and low-loss strip-to-slot PCW mode converters. In addition, some polymer-based devices and silicon-based photonic devices will also be presented, such as traveling wave electro-optic polymer modulators based on domain-inversion directional couplers, and silicon thermo-optic switches based on coupled photonic crystal microcavities. Furthermore, some microwave (or RF) components such as integrated broadband bowtie antennas for microwave photonic applications will be covered. Some on-going work or suggested future work will also be introduced, including in-device pyroelectric poling for EO polymer filled silicon slot PCWs, millimeter- or Terahertz-wave sensors based on EO polymer filled plasmonic slot waveguide, low-loss silicon-polymer hybrid slot photonic crystal waveguides fabricated by CMOS foundry, logic devices based on EO polymer microring resonators, and so on.Item Silicon integrated nanophotonic devices for on-chip optical interconnects(2012-05) Lin, Che-Yun; Chen, Ray T.; Bank, Seth R.; Willson, Carlton G.; Lee, Jack C.; Alu, Andrea; Wang, Alan X.Silicon is the dominant material in Microelectronics. Building photonic devices out of silicon can leverage the mature processing technologies developed in silicon CMOS. Silicon is also a very good waveguide material. It is highly transparent at 1550nm, and it has very high refractive index of 3.46. High refractive index enables building high index contrast waveguides with dimensions close to the diffraction limit. This provides the opportunity to build highly integrated photonic integrated circuit that can perform multiple functions on the same silicon chip, an optical parallel of the electronic integrated circuit. However, silicon does not have some of the necessary properties to build active optical devices such as lasers and modulators. For Example, silicon is an indirect band gap material that can’t be used to make lasers. The centro-symmetric crystal structure in silicon presents no electro-optic effect. By contrast, electro-optic polymer can be engineered to show very strong electro-optic effect up to 300pm/V. In this research we have demonstrated highly compact and efficient devices that utilize the strong optical confinement ability in silicon and strong electro-optic effect in polymer. We have performed detailed investigations on the optical coupling to a slow light waveguide and developed solutions to improve the coupling efficiency to a slow light photonic crystal waveguides (PCW). These studies have lead to the demonstration of the most hybrid silicon modulator demonstrate to date and a compact chip scale true time delay module that can be implemented in future phased array antenna systems. In the future, people may be able to realize a photonic integrated circuit for optical communication or sensor systems using the devices we developed in our research.