Development and Evaluation of An Adaptive Transit Signal Priority System Using Connected Vehicle Technology

Transit signal priority (TSP) can be a very effective preferential treatment for transit vehicles in congested urban networks. There are two problems with the current practice of the transit signal priority. First, random bus arrival time is not sufficiently accounted for, which?ve become the major hindrance in practice for implementing active or adaptive TSP strategies when a near-side bus stop is present. Secondly, most research focuses on providing bus priority at local intersection level, but bus schedule reliability should be achieved at route level and relevant studies have been lacking.

In the first part of this research, a stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programming (SMINP) model is developed to explicitly to account for uncertain bus arrival time. A queue delay algorithm is developed as the supporting algorithm for SMINP to capture the delays caused by the interactions between vehicle queues and buses entering and exiting near-side bus stops. A concept of using signal timing deviations to approximate the impacts of TSP operations on other traffic is proposed for the first time in this research. In the second part of the research, the deterministic version of the SMINP model is extended to the arterial setting, where a route-based TSP (R-TSP) model is develop to optimize for schedule-related bus performances on the corridor level. The R-TSP model uses the real-time data available only from the connected vehicle communications technology.

Based on the connected vehicle technology, a real-time signal control system that implements the proposed TSP models is prototyped in the simulation environment. The connected vehicle technology is also used as the main detection and monitoring mechanism for the real-time control of the adaptive TSP signal system. The adaptive TSP control module is designed as a plug-in module that is envisioned to work with a modern fixed-time or adaptive signal controller with connected vehicle communications capabilities.

Using this TSP-enabled signal control system, simulation studies were carried out in both a single intersection setting and a five-intersection arterial setting. The effectiveness of the SMINP model to handle uncertain bus arrival time and the R-TSP model to achieve corridor-level bus schedule reliability were studied. Discussions, conclusions and future research on the topic of adaptive TSP models were made.