Towards more power efficient IP lookup engines

The IP lookup in internet routers requires implementation of the longest prefix match algorithm. The software or hardware implementations of routing trie based approaches require several memory accesses in order to perform a single memory lookup, which limits the throughput considerably. On the other hand, IP lookup throughput requirements have been continuously increasing. This has led to ternary content addressable memory(TCAM) based IP lookup engines which can perform a single lookup every cycle. TCAM lookup engines are very power hungry due to the large number of entries which need to be simultaneously searched. This has led to two disparate streams of research into power reduction techniques. The first research stream focuses on the routing table compaction using logic minimization techniques. The second stream focuses on routing table partitioning. This work proposes to bridge the gap by employing strategies to combine these two leading state of the art schemes. The existing partitioning algorithms are generally employed on a binary routing trie precluding their application to a compacted routing table. The proposed scheme employs a ternary routing trie to facilitate the representation of the minimized routing table in combination with the ternary trie partitioning algorithm. The combined scheme offers up to 50% reduction in silicon area while maintaining the power economy of the partitioning scheme.