Browsing by Subject "weight loss"
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Item Comparison of the Efficacy of Popular Weight Loss Programs in Sedentary Overweight Women(2014-08-06) Baetge, ClaireThis study compared the efficacy of the Curves? Complete 90-day Challenge (CC), Weight Watchers? Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig? At Home (JC), and Nutrisystem? Advance Select? (NS) on weight loss, body composition and/or markers of health and fitness in sedentary overweight women. One hundred thirty-three women (47?11 yr, 86?14 kg, 46?5%, 35.4?6 kg/m2) were randomized into CC (n=29), WW (n=29), JC (n=27), NS (n=28), or control (n=20) for 12-wks. Self-recorded food logs (4-d), International Physical Activity Questionnaires, weight, resting energy expenditure (REE), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, anthropometrics, and fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, & 12 wks. Peak aerobic capacity and muscular strength were measured at 0 and 12 wks. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or MANOVA with repeated measures. Average energy intake was 1,403?427 kcal/day with no differences among groups. CC was the only group with an increase in protein (0.15?0.30, p=0.039) combined with a reduction in carbohydrate (-0.63?0.95 g/kg/day, p=0.005) intake. CC was the only group with a significant increase in total physical activity (3,801?8,668 MET-min/wk, p=0.012) through week 8. All diet groups experienced a decrease in weight (-4.0?4.2 kg, p<0.001), body mass index (-4.0?2.1 kg/m2, p<0.001), waist circumference (-2.7?5.9, p<0.001), and hip circumference (-3.4?4.4 cm, p<0.001), and all maintained REE (0.09?2.0 kcal/kg/day, p=0.008). CC had the greatest decrease in fat mass (-3.8?4.0 kg, p<0.001) and body fat % (-2.7?3.4%, p<0.001) and was the only group that maintained fat-free mass (-0.19?2.00 kg, p=0.631). All groups, except WW, had a decrease in resting heart (-3.0?9.8 bpm, p<0.001). CC was the only group with a decrease in systolic (-7.6?14.2, p=0.002) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.6?7.3 mmHg, p=0.045). CC had the greatest increase in peak aerobic capacity (2.5?2.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.001) and was the only diet group that increased in lower (15.0?21.9 p=0.001) and upper body (8.7?12.5% p=0.001) strength. CC trended toward a decrease in total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (-4.9?11.3%, p=0.053). Though all diet groups lost weight and had improvements in anthropometrics, CC experienced greater improvements in body composition, blood pressure, peak aerobic capacity, and muscular strength and trended toward improvements in blood lipid ratios.Item Effects of Exercise and Diet- induced Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Women on Characterization of Serum/White Blood Cells, microRNAs and Cytokine Gene Transcription(2013-12-11) Simbo, Sunday YamoThis study examined the effects of exercise and diet-induced weight loss on markers of inflammation in obese females. Forty-nine obese women (age 48.2?10.5 years, height 63.5?2.7cm; weight 203.3?30.5 kg; BMI 35.6?5.6 kg/m^(2); 45.9?4.4 % body fat) completed a 12-week study (exercise group (EX): n=29; control group (C): n=20). Participants followed an energy-restricted diet (1,200 kcal/d for 1-week and 1,500 kcal/d for 11 weeks; 30% CHO, 45% P, and 25% F) while participating in a 30-min circuit resistance-training (3 days/wk) and 30 min walking program on non-workout days. DEXA body composition, fitness, and serum/white blood cells samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8 and 12 wks. The expression of microRNA (21 and 146a) and the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-?, (PTEN, TRAF6)/PI3k/AKT/NF-kB were measured by real-time RT-PCR at 0 and 12 wks. Data were analyzed by MANOVA and presented as changes from baseline after 12 wks for the EX and C groups. Overall MANOVA analysis revealed a significant time effect (p=0.004) and group x time effect (p=0.004) for body composition measures. Participants in the EX group experienced significant changes in body weight (EX -4.0?4.4 kg; C 0.1?3.0 kg, p=0.001), fat mass (EX -3.8?4.0 kg; C -0.03?2.0 kg, p<0.001), and percent body fat (EX -2.7?3.4%; C -0.1?1.7%, p=0.002). Overall MANOVA analysis revealed a significant time effect (p<0.001) and group x time effect (p=0.003) for measures of fitness. Overall significant MANOVA interaction was observed among EX and C groups (Wilks? Lambda p<0.001) on markers of inflammation. Significant interactions were observed among groups in microRNA 21 (EX -1.5?2.34; C 0.13?2.2, p=0.03), mRNA expression levels of PTEN (EX -4.5?3.2; C -1.6?3.4, p=0.005), IL-6 (EX -2.8?3.6; C 2.8?2.2, p=0.00); and, TNF-? (EX -0.52?2.5; C 2.3?1.9, p=0.00). Changes in microRNA (21 and 146a) were positively and significantly correlated to body weight, total weight, fat mass, and body fat percent, with circulatory levels of IL-6 and TNF-?. Results indicate that 12-wks of participation in an exercise and weight loss program significantly affects microRNA 21 and its target gene PTEN, mRNA TNF-?, and mRNA IL-6 levels suggesting an anti-inflammatory response compared to a control group.Item Self-efficacy for weight loss among multi-ethnic, low-income women: a psychometric evaluation(2009-08) Latimer, Lara Adrienne; Pasch, Keryn E.; Walker, LorraineThe current study examined the psychometric properties of the Physical Activity and Nutrition Self-Efficacy (PANSE) scale. If proven a valid and reliable measure of self-efficacy for weight-loss behaviors, the PANSE scale may be useful in future research involving activity and nutrition for weight loss. This is particularly important given today’s high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which may be curtailed with increased levels of activity and/or improved food-related behaviors. Initial reliability and validity testing was performed using a sample of 71 women low-income in central Texas. The average age of the participants was 24.5 ± 4.75 years; 35.2% were African American, 32.4% were Hispanic, and 32.4% were White. The women completed the 11-item PANSE questionnaire at baseline and at a 7-week follow-up data collection. Test-retest results provided reliability evidence, and there was sufficient evidence of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.89). Construct validity was established with significant correlations in expected directions with the Self Care Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Decisional Balance Inventory. The predictive validity of the PANSE scale for weight-loss at 7-week follow-up and program drop out was not established. Exploratory factor analyses revealed a 2-factor model for the 11 items. Initial examination provided evidence for the reliability and construct validity of the PANSE scale. Future testing of the scale should to be conducted with other populations to assess the generalizability of the PANSE scale outside of the population studied in the current report.