Browsing by Subject "soil texture"
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Item Rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to clomazone as influenced by rate, soil type, and planting date(Texas A&M University, 2006-08-16) O'Barr, John HoustonClomazone is an effective herbicide widely used for preemergence grass control in rice. However, use of clomazone on sandy textured soils of the western Texas rice belt may cause serious rice injury. When labeled for rice in 2001, sandy textured soils were excluded. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of soil characteristics and water potential on plant-available clomazone and rice injury. A centrifugal double-tube technique was used to determine plant-available concentration in soil solution (ACSS), total amount available in soil solution (TASS), and Kd values for clomazone on four soils at four water potentials. A rice bioassay was conducted parallel to the plant-available study to correlate biological availability to ACSS, TASS, and Kd. TASS was significantly different in all soils at the 1% level of significance. The order of increasing TASS for the soils studied was Morey Edna Nada Crowley which correlated well with soil characteristics. Two field experiments at three locations were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the optimum rate range that maximizes weed control and minimizes crop injury across a wide variety of soil textures and planting dates. At Beaumont, Eagle Lake, and Ganado, TX, preemergence application of 0.41 to 0.56, 0.38 to 0.43, and 0.36 to 0.42 kg ha-1 clomazone, respectively, provided optimum weed control with minimal rice injury. Data suggests that clomazone is safe to use on rice on sandy textured soils. Injury may occur, but, rates suggested from this research will minimize injury and achieve excellent weed control. As a result, amendments to the herbicide label will allow clomazone use on sandy textured soils giving rice producers more flexibility and access to another effective herbicide.Item Tree Community Patterns and Soil Texture Characteristics of a Meander Bend, Lower Trinity River, Southeast Texas(2012-02-14) Nyikos, Sarah IldikoMeandering rivers and associated vegetation communities are highly dynamic systems that interact through various geomorphic and successional processes. However, much is still unknown about these interactions. Studies that focus on system integration rather than examining fluvial-related and vegetation dynamics individually will benefit science and the management of river systems. Tree communities in riparian areas, although consisting mainly of bottomland hardwood species, can be very diverse. Diversity has been linked to environmental influences such as meander migration, and changes in elevation and soil texture. This study focused on a single meander bend of the lower Trinity River in southeast Texas. The purpose of this research was to examine interactions between soil texture variation and the establishment and succession of riparian tree communities, as such interactions contribute to the formation of complex riparian landscapes. A bend-scale approach was utilized to provide a detailed study of vegetation pattern and of soil texture resulting from sedimentation processes, to examine for any relationships between them. Aerial imagery was used to assist in interpreting patterns of vegetation succession. The field portion of the study collected species and size class data on trees and soil samples for textural analysis. These data were analyzed separately to understand variations in tree communities and soils, but also together, to determine any relationships between soil texture and what tree communities are able to establish. Mean annual flow data from gauges upstream and downstream of the site were analyzed for changes in flow following dam construction upstream, as river regulation could potentially alter the vegetation establishment regime. Results showed five distinct communities or zones of vegetation. Soils on the site were strongly skewed toward finer sands and high silt and clay content. Zone locations and community structure were not directly related to soil texture; however, given species had clear relationships of relative density or dominance with specific soil textures. No changes in flow were noted between pre- and post- dam construction periods, indicating that the riparian system at this site may operate under near-natural conditions. Further studies in species-soil texture interactions, and for rare and invasive species in particular, may prove beneficial in improving understanding of the complex functioning of riparian systems and in providing valuable information for their management and restoration.