Browsing by Subject "factor"
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Item Analysis of the factors and the roles of HRD in organizational learning styles as identified by key informants at selected corporations in the Republic of Korea(Texas A&M University, 2005-08-29) Jeong, JinchulThe core competency of the most effective organizations will be their capacity to learn in an increasingly complex and unpredictable business environment and HRD should expand its role to become a partner in the transformation of the entire organization. Organizational learning style, therefore, is an important research topic for the field of HRD (human resource development). This study had four primary purposes, which were germane to the corporations in the Republic of Korea: 1) to identify what organizational learning styles exist; 2) to identify the factors that differentiate the organizations with different organizational learning styles; 3) to identify the roles of HRD to facilitate organizational learning within the organizations in each organizational learning style; and 4) to identify the differences in the roles of HRD to facilitate organizational learning among the organizations with different organizational learning styles. The population for this study was the key informants at the corporations in the three industry areas: wholesale and retail trade; manufacturing; and hotels and restaurants. The survey instrument was delivered to 353 key informants, i.e. HR persons, at 240 corporations and 237 key informants at 166 corporations returned the survey instrument for a return rate of 67.1%. The findings of this study revealed the followings: 1) there are four types of organizational learning styles and the characteristics of each type of organizational learning style is determined by the combination of the organizations?? learning orientations, i.e. Knowledge Source, Learning Content, Dissemination Mode, and Learning Scope; 2) types of organizational culture, industry classification, and the size of an organization are the factors that differentiate the organizations with different organizational learning styles; 3) all roles of HRD are necessary for facilitating organizational learning; and 4) there are not differences in the roles of HRD to facilitate organizational learning among the organizations with different organizational learning styles.Item Salmonella Infection on Arabidopsis Seedlings Requires Both Host and Pathogen Factors(2012-02-14) Zhang, YulanHuman enteric pathogen Salmonella contaminates raw produce and triggers significant economic loss and illness. Under a natural environment, Salmonella resides in soil and enters the interior of plants without causing disease or eliciting symbiotic growth. Upon being consumed by humans, complex virulence mechanisms are elicited by the specific intestine conditions, such as high temperature and humidity and lead to profound infection. The lack of effective prevention and drug treatment are largely attributed to the unclear mechanistic understanding on Salmonella association with environmental media, and in vivo host and pathogen factors required for persistent infection. We have explored the potential of deploying the model plant organism Arabidopsis thaliana to tackle this fundamental yet clinically challenging question, as Arabidopsis possesses many advantages as a model system, including enriched genomic resources, powerful genetic tools, low maintenance cost and a large collection of individual gene deletion mutants. Our preliminary data demonstrated Arabidopsis seedlings under liquid culture conditions mimicking the intestine environment were infected and killed by salmonella within 2 days upon inoculation. The Arabidopsis system possesses well-developed genetic information and the resources to study host factors required for infection on very short time scales, thus complementing traditional animal genetic studies. We aim to define the pathogen factors required for this infection. By merging the fields of extremely powerful Arabidopsis genetics and bacterial genetics/genomics, we hope to provide insight into possible new paradigms for addressing salmonella-mediated food born infection.Item Transmission Rates of Gossypium mustelinum and G. tomentosum SNP Markers in Early-generation Backcrosses to Cotton(2014-12-03) Xu, JialeGossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely cultivated cotton species in the genus Gossypium. The genetic diversity of G. hirsutum is considerably restricted, so it is highly desirable to introgress germplasm of related species to expand opportunities for genetic improvement. Successful interspecific introgression efforts require the transmission of alien genes into the cultivated species and homologous recombination. Transmission distortion can restrict or preclude gene transfer, and reduced rates of homologous recombination can reduce or preclude recovery of desirable genetic products. Marker-based analysis of specific chromosome segments and loci during early generations of backcrossing can reveal general and locus-specific features of alien germplasm transmission and recombination with the recurrent parent, and help guide decisions for expanded analysis, subsequent backcrosses and analogous efforts with other donors. Interspecific monosomic hybrids were used to localize pre-validated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in six target chromosomes. Eventually, 67 SNPs were used to analyze transmission rates. In the present research, each "breeding situation" was defined as a unique combination of cross direction, backcross generation and cross location. Twelve G. hirsutum backcross populations were derived under different breeding situations, six from each of two alien donors, G. mustelinum and G. tomentosum. KASP analysis of the SNPs revealed the presence or absence of specific donor loci and segments in 784 individuals of the 12 populations, and was used to determine transmission rates. Linkage groups were constructed based on segregation ratios in BC1F1 populations for each donor. The average transmission rate of germplasm from G. tomentosum was similar to but higher (3%) than G. mustelinum, indicating a closer relationship of G. tomentosum with G. hirsutum. Several markers exhibited strongly distorted transmission relative to other loci of the respective linkage groups in specific populations. Several loci exhibited significant differences due to cross direction and cross location. Analysis of the BC3F1 populations revealed the crosses from field environments were relatively favorable for transmission of alien germplasm and greenhouse environments for loss of alien germplasm. Multiple comparisons based on general linear model (GLM) for effects of breeding situations on transmission rates revealed generation and location significantly affected transmission of G. mustelinum germplasm, whereas cross direction, location and generation affected transmission of G. tomentosum germplasm.