Browsing by Subject "dynamic"
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Item A STUDY ON THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF YOGA AND DYNAMIC STRETCHINGSchroeter, Barton Lee; Daniel, Jordan A.; Parker, Adam G.; Eoff, Shirley M.This study was performed in order to determine which stretching style impacts acute range of motion more, static yoga stretching or dynamic stretching. Eighteen participants between the ages of nineteen and twenty four were recruited from Angelo State University. Participants were subjected to a series of range of motion tests targeting major muscle groups. These tests were performed once for a control score, then two more times following static and dynamic stretching sessions. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvement on all tests between the control scores and the interventions. Analysis also revealed that yoga improved scores significantly more than dynamic stretching in the Sit and Reach test. Based on this information it is clear that there are benefits obtained by engaging in both static and dynamic stretch routines, though for some regions of the body yoga may be more effective at increasing range of motion.Item Addressing the Consensus Problem in Real-time Using Lightweight Middleware on Distributed Devices(2012-10-19) Hall, Keith AntonWith the advent of the modern technological age, a plethora of electronic tools and devices are available in numbers as never before. While beneficial and ex-ceedingly useful, these electronic devices require users to operate them. When designing systems capable of observing and acting upon an environment, the number of devices can become unmanageable. Previously, middleware sys-tems were designed for large-scale computational systems. However, by apply-ing similar concepts and distributing logic to autonomous agents residing on the devices, a new paradigm in distributed systems research on lightweight de-vices is conceivable. Therefore, this research focuses upon the development of a lightweight middleware that can reside on small devices enabling the capabil-ity for these devices to act autonomously. In this research, analyses determined the most advantageous methods for solving this problem. Defining a set of requirements for the necessary middle-ware as well as assumptions for the environment and system in which it would operate achieved a proper research focus. By utilizing concepts already in ex-istence such as peer-to-peer networking and distributed hash tables, devices in this system could communicate effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, creat-ing custom algorithms for communicating with other devices, and collaborating on task assignments achieved an approach to solving the consensus problem in real time. The resulting middleware solution allowed a demonstration to prove the effi-cacy. Using three devices capable of observing the environment and acting up-on it, two tests highlighted the capabilities of the consensus-finding mechanism as well as the ability of the devices to respond to changes in the environment autonomously.Item Development of dynamic models of reactive distillation columns for simulation and determination of control(Texas A&M University, 2005-02-17) Chakrabarty, ArnabDynamic models of a reactive distillation column have been developed and implemented in this work. A model describing the steady state behavior of the system has been built in a first step. The results from this steady state model have been compared to data provided from an industrial collaborator and the reconciled model formed the basis for the development of a dynamic model. Four controlled and four manipulated variables have been determined in a subsequent step and step tests for the manipulated variables were simulated. The data generated by the step responses was used for fitting transfer functions between the manipulated and the controlled variables. RGA analysis was performed to find the optimal pairing for controller design. Feedback controllers of PID type were designed between the paired variables found from RGA and the controllers were implemented on the column model. Both servo and regulatory problems have been considered and tested.Item Interpretation, Analysis and Design of Inter-well Tracer Tests in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs(2013-08-19) Alramadhan, Aymen AbduljalilIn order to understand the complex fracture network that controls water movement in Sherrod Area of Spraberry Field in West Texas and to better manage the on-going waterflood performance, a field scale inter-well tracer test was implemented. This test presents the largest inter-well tracer test in naturally fractured reservoirs reported in the industry and includes the injection of 13 different tracers and sampling of 110 producers in an area covering 6533 acres. Sherrod tracer test generated a total of 598 tracer responses from 51 out of the 110 sampled producers. Tracer responses showed a wide range of velocities from 14 ft/day to ultra-high velocities exceeding 10,000 ft/day with same-day tracer breakthrough. Re-injection of produced water has caused the tracers to be re-injected and added an additional challenge to diagnose and distinguish tracer responses affected by water recycling. Historical performance of the field showed simultaneous water breakthrough of a large number of wells covering entire Sherrod area. This research investigate analytical, numerical, and inversion modeling approaches in order to categorize, history match, and connect tracer responses with water-cut responses with the objective to construct multiple fracture realizations based entirely on water-cut and tracers? profiles. In addition, the research highlight best practices in the design of inter-well tracer tests in naturally fractured reservoirs through lessons learned from Sherrod Area. The large number of tracer responses from Sherrod case presents a case of naturally fractured reservoir characterization entirely based on dynamic data. Results indicates that tracer responses could be categorized based on statistical analysis of tracer recoveries of all pairs of injectors and producers with each category showing distinguishing behavior in tracers? movement and breakthrough time. In addition, it showed that tracer and water-cut responses in the field are dominantly controlled by the fracture system revealing minimum information about the matrix system. Numerical simulation studies showed limitation in dual porosity formulation/solvers to model tracer velocities exceeding 2200 ft/day. Inversion modeling using Gradzone Analysis showed that east and north-west of Sherrod have significantly lower pore volume compared to south-west.Item N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Kinetics, Reactivity, and Recycling With Polymers(2012-10-19) Su, Haw-LihN-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are good ligands to most transition metals forming stable complexes. Many of the NHC-metal complexes are now widely used catalysts. However, the usage of these catalysts encounters the general problems associated with homogeneous catalysis: the purification of the catalysis reaction products is often time-consuming and generates large amounts of waste. Moreover, the toxic or expensive catalysts are difficult to be separated, recycled, and reused. Chapters II and III of this dissertation focus on addressing these problems through the development of an easier and ?greener? process to improve the usage of some NHC-metal complexes. Polymer-supported catalysts and polymer-supported sequestrants were prepared and used to facilitate the separation/recycling of catalysts and the purification of products. These polymer-supported ligands, catalysts, and sequestrants showed comparable reactivity to their low molecular weight counterparts and had different solubility properties due to the nature of polymers. Using these materials with the corresponding operations provides simple methods to separate deeply colored, metal-containing by-products from the reaction mixtures. Chapter IV of this dissertation aims at solving a fundamental question about the nature of NHC-silver(I) complexes. The NHC-silver(I) complex is an important synthetic intermediate as it can be used to prepare other NHC-metal complexes through transmetallation. The carbene carbon of an NHC-silver(I) complex in 13C NMR spectra was usually reported as a doublet of doublets or as a singlet in different cases. This phenomenon was explained with a ligand exchange mechanism proposed twelve years ago. However, few reports are available in the literature about the mechanism of the NHC ligand exchange processes at silver. In order to facilitate the study of the solution behaviors of NHC-silver(I) complexes, 13C-labeled NHC-silver(I) complexes were prepared and studied using variable temperature 13C NMR spectroscopy. This study could be useful for future applications of ligand transferring from silver to other metals for the preparation of NHC-metal complexes.Item Routing algorithms for large scale wireless sensor networks(Texas A&M University, 2005-02-17) Nittala Venkata, Lakshmana PrasanthRouting in sensor networks is a challenging issue due to inherent constraints such as power, memory, and CPU processing capabilities. In this thesis, we assume an All to All communication mode in an N ? N grid sensor network. We explore routing algorithms which load balance the network without compromising the shortest paths constrain. We analyzed the Servetto method and studied two routing strategies, namely Horizontal-Vertical routing and Zigzag routing. The problem is divided into two scenarios, one being the static case (without failed nodes), and the other being the dynamic case (with failed nodes). In static network case, we derived mathematical formulae representing the maximum and minimum loads on a sensor grid, when specific routing strategies are employed. We show improvement in performance in load balancing of the grid by using Horizontal-Vertical method instead of the existing Servetto method. In the dynamic network scenario, we compare the performance of routing strategies with respect to probability of failure of nodes in the grid network. We derived the formulae for the success-ratio, in specific strategies, when nodes fail with a probability of p in a predefined source-destination pair communication. We show that the Servetto method does not perform well in both scenarios. In addition, Hybrid strategy proposed does not perform well compared to the studied strategies. We support the derived formulae and the performance of the routing strategies with extensive simulations.