Browsing by Subject "cultural values"
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Item Biopsychosocial Considerations of Pediatric Asthma Morbidity in Latino Families(2012-10-19) Mendoza-Burcham, MarissaAs the most prevalent chronic health condition in children under the age of 18, asthma is a disease for which significant health disparities exist. Current literature has established that ethnic minorities, families living in poverty, and families living in urban environments are at higher risk for worse morbidity. In recent years, studies focusing distinctly on Latino families, with emphasis on Puerto Rican families, have emerged. As a singular group, Puerto Rican children have demonstrated the worst outcomes and a significantly greater use of emergency room (ER) services, often related to poor adherence to adequate asthma care regimens. Guided by the biopsychosocial approach, this study sought to examine cultural and family variables and their relationship to pediatric asthma morbidity. Data from a sample of 639 children and their families from the Rhode Island region and Puerto Rico participated in this study. The data derived from the Rhode Island/Puerto Rico Asthma Center (RIPRAC) study and collected between 2002 and 2007. Bivariate analyses investigated correlations among familism and morbidity variables. Group comparisons were conducted between mainland Puerto Ricans living in the Rhode Island region and island Puerto Ricans and between Latino and non-Latino White families living in mainland United States. Confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus software evaluated a measurement model of familism and morbidity, followed by invariance testing in multiple group analyses by asthma severity and ethnicity. Lastly, structural equation modeling investigated a predictive relationship between the latent variables of familism and morbidity and meditational relationships through balanced integration. A secondary analysis for families who endorsed alternate child caregivers investigated a meditational relationship between familism and morbidity through involvement in asthma management by alternate caregivers. Significant correlations and group differences on mediator variables and observed familism variables and morbidity variables were found. Although a significant relationship between familism and morbidity was not found, significant relationships between familism and balanced integration and between balanced integration and morbidity were identified. This study contributes to emerging research on family variables as potential protective factors in pediatric asthma by focusing on familism as a primary concept amongst biological and psychosocial variables.Item Quality of supervisor-subordinate relationship, cultural values, and organizational justice(2009-05-15) Ren, RunOrganizational justice literature indicates that high quality relationships will result in more favorable treatment of the individual. However, little has been done regarding how relationships with the supervisor (i.e., ingroup/outgroup identification, leader-member exchange, and guanxi: a Chinese concept for interpersonal relationship) can influence the effects of organizational justice on employees? job satisfaction, organizational commitment, trust in the supervisor, and trust in the organization. Thus, the first purpose of this dissertation is to examine how different relationships with the supervisor influence the effects of organizational justice on individual and organizational outcomes. Further, most of the current research on organizational justice is done in the U.S. culture. But, there is still doubt that employees recognize principles of justice the same across all cultures, and that organizational justice would have the same consequences on affected employees. The second purpose of my dissertation is to investigate how the relationships between organizational justice and its consequences vary among employees with different cultural values, specifically in the U.S. and China. Finally, I explore the potential three-way interaction of relationships with supervisors, cultural values, and organizational justice on key outcomes. Specifically, I hypothesized that supervisor-subordinate relationships and cultural values will each separately moderate the effects of organizational justice on outcome variables. In addition, I hypothesized that there will be joint moderating effects of supervisor-subordinate relationships and cultural values on the influence of organizational justice. Data were collected from the U.S. and China to test the hypotheses of the present study. Results from hierarchical linear regression showed that only a small percent of hypothesized effects was significant and there was no strong evidence to support hypotheses. However, there were also some interesting results. LMX, guanxi, and ingroup identification all exhibited some extent of moderating roles on the effects of organizational justice, suggesting a multi-dimensional supervisor-subordinate relationship. Cultural values did not show much moderating effects as predicted. Threeway interactions among organizational justice, supervisor-subordinate relationships, and cultural values were more complex and did not show a consistent pattern. Possible explanations for these results and limitations were discussed. Contribution to the literature, practical implications, and future research were also addressed.