Browsing by Subject "artificial insemination"
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Item A comparison of semen thawing for artificial insemination in cattle.(2011-05-26T18:13:05Z) Kaczyk, Brittni L.; Kaczyk, Brittni Lanay; Serrano, Gabriela I.; May, Brain J.; Scott, Cody B.; Salisbury, Michael W.; Angelo State University. Department of Agriculture.Beef cows (n=23) were used to compared conception rates of two different thawing methods used for artificial insemination (AI). Cows were divided into the treatment or control group based on time of estrus. In the treatment, frozen semen was placed directly into the AI gun and inserted into the female for deposition after a minimum of 30 seconds. The control females experienced the typical thawing process of semen straws placed in a water bath for a minimum of 30 seconds, then loaded into the AI gun and deposited into the uterus of the female. Conception rates were similar between semen thawing methods (P > 0.51). Additionally, the study analyzed semen motility using the two different thaw methods and found no difference (P = 1.0). In conclusion, thawing semen directly in the reproductive tract of the female provides the same conception rates as traditional thaw methods.Item Conception rate differences in sexed vs. non-sexed semen(2011-06-21T22:18:13Z) Brooks, Kayla L.; Brooks, Kayla Lynn; Salisbury, Michael; Ammerman, Loren; Engdahl, Gil; May, Brian; Angelo State University. Department of Agriculture.The objective of this study was to determine if sexed semen has similar conception rates as non-sexed semen. Eighty-four Angus females from the Angelo State University’s Management, Instruction and Research Center were synchronized at the beginning of this study; however, only 54 showed signs of estrus and were artificially inseminated (10 Heifers and 44 multiparous cows). The 54 females were split randomly into three different treatment groups. Heifers and cows in treatment one were inseminated with Y-bearing sexed semen. Females in treatment two were inseminated with X-bearing sexed semen; while the last treatment was our control which received non-sexed semen. Results in heifers and cows were similar, and no differences were noted among the three treatment groups (P>0.5). Differences might be noted with a larger number of females. Date of parturition was estimated using ultrasound, and is a viable management tool because it is possible to predict, on average, within 9 days of parturition with a 36 day maximum and an exact prediction for the minimum.Item Effects of GnRH and prostaglandin combined with a short progestin regimen on the synchrony of estrus and ovulation in ewes during the breeding season(2012-08-10) Calhoun, Andy Kyle; Calhoun, Andy Kyle; Dickison, Will J.; Salisbury, Micheal; Scott, Cody; Keith, Susan; Angelo State University. Department of Agriculture.The lack of effective, consistent synchronization protocols for ewes is a barrier to the use of artificial insemination in sheep. This study compared the estrus and ovulation percentage and window of synchrony of estrus and ovulation for ewes synchronized with three experimental protocols. The industry’s current standard protocol using PG600, an 11 d CIDR and PGF2a was compared to two alternative protocols utilizing GnRH, a 7 d CIDR and PGF2a. Forty Suffolk ewes were divided into 5 groups and each group was placed on a different protocol. Blood sampling began 18 h following CIDR removal and samples were collected every 2 h for 19 consecutively collections. Mean serum concentrations of LH differed between groups (P<0.05) from 22-42 h following CIDR removal. The two protocols using the shorter 7 d progestin regimen and GnRH to control follicular dynamics resulted in higher estrus and ovulation rates and an acceptable window of synchrony.Item EVALUATION OF A NON-TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PRACTICE APPLIED TO SUFFOLK EWES DURING EARLY BREEDING SEASONEhrlich, Amber Lynn; Dickison, James W; Salisbury, Michael W; Scott, Cody B; Kara, S MThe objective of this study was to determine if the AM/PM artificial insemination procedure in cattle works in sheep. Detection of estrus was done using vasectomized rams that were fitted with marking harnesses. Once detection occurred ewes were artificially inseminated 12 to 24 hours after detection. Artificial insemination occurred from August 24 until September 12, 2014 where a total of 49 Suffolk ewe were inseminate. Determination of ewes successful artificially insemination was done by use of a ram fitted with a marking harness and use of ultrasound equipment at completion of the project. It was concluded that there is no difference between artificial insemination at 12 hours or at 24 hours after detection of estrous.Item In Vitro Function of Frozen-Thawed Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Spermatozoa Undergoing Sorting and Recyopreservation(2010-08-19) Montano Pedroso, Gisele 1981-Artificial insemination (AI) with sex-sorted bottlenose dolphin spermatozoa provides female calves for obtaining more cohesive social groups and optimum genetic management of captive populations. However, distance of animals to the sorting facility represents a limit to the procedure. Although one bottlenose dolphin calf has been born using spermatozoa from frozen-thawed, sorted and recryopreserved spermatozoa, critical evaluation of the steps involved in this process is required to maximize its efficiency for future AIs and expansion of the technology to other species. Two experiments were designed to determine the efficiency of the sorting process and the quality of frozen-thawed bottlenose dolphin spermatozoa during sorting and recryopreservation. In experiment 1, the effect of two washing media (with and without 4 percent egg yolk, v/v) following density gradient centrifugation (DGC) on sperm recovery rate and in vitro characteristics of cryopreserved spermatozoa was examined. In experiment 2, cryopreserved semen was used to compare the effects of two recryopreservation methods (conventional straw freezing and directional freezing) on in vitro sperm characteristics of control (non-sorted) and sorted spermatozoa. Egg yolk supplementation of the washing medium in experiment 1 did not influence (P > 0.05) the sperm recovery rate, however, sperm motility parameters and viability were improved (P < 0.05). For Experiment 2, motility parameters and viability were influenced by stage of sex-sorting process, sperm type (non-sorted and sorted) and freezing method (P < 0.05). After recryopreservation, sorted spermatozoa frozen with the directional freezing method maintained higher (P < 0.05) motility parameters over the 24 h incubation period compared to spermatozoa frozen using straws. Quality of sperm DNA of nonsorted spermatozoa, as assessed by the SCSA, remained unchanged throughout the process. However, a possible interaction between Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange was observed in sorted samples. After recryopreservation, viability of sorted spermatozoa was higher (P < 0.05) than that of non-sorted spermatozoa across all time points. The percentages of viable spermatozoa determined by light (eosin-nigrosin) and fluorescence microscopy (propidium iodide) techniques were correlated (R^2=0.79, P < 0.001). Collective results indicate that bottlenose dolphin spermatozoa undergoing cryopreservation, sorting and recryopreservation are of adequate quality for use in AI.Item Pregnancy Rates in Mares Inseminated with 0.5 or 1 Million Sperm Using Hysteroscopic or Transrectally Guided Deep-Horn Insemination Techniques(2013-11-08) Hayden, Shelby ShalenePlacement of sperm deep in the equine uterine horn allows fewer sperm to be inseminated while maintaining acceptable fertility, and has been promoted for use in circumstances when fertility would be expected to be low if standard insemination were used (e.g. semen from a subfertile stallion, or frozen-thawed semen). Two main deep- horn insemination techniques, transrectally guided (TRG) and hysteroscopic (HYS) insemination, have been developed for this purpose; however, there is some controversy regarding their comparative efficacy. This study was conducted to compare pregnancy rates when mares were inseminated by TRG or HYS, utilizing sperm numbers approaching and under the threshold for maximal fertility, resulting in reduced fertility. Pregnancy rates were not different between HYS and TRG techniques when 1 x 106 or 0.5 x 106 sperm were inseminated. Combined pregnancy rates for the two techniques were also not different. Pregnancy rates using a subthreshold number of sperm were not significantly affected by a deep-horn insemination technique. Dilution of semen to less than 20 x 106 sperm/mL has been reported to decrease semen quality in multiple species, a phenomenon known as the semen ?dilution effect.? The sperm concentrations utilized in Experiment 1 were 5 and 2.5 x 106/mL (1 and 0.5 x 106 sperm doses, respectively). This experiment was performed to evaluate whether the lower pregnancy rates obtained with 0.5 x 106 sperm was due to lower quality plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and sperm motion characteristics (TMOT, PMOT, VCL, VAP, VSL, STR). Treatments evaluated included 2.5 x 106 sperm/mL with the addition of 0, 7.5, and 25% seminal plasma, 30 x 106 sperm/mL, and 3:1 extender: semen. The 2.5 x 106 sperm/mL treatments have lower initial PMI, TMOT, and PMOT, but they maintain their initial quality following 24 and 48 h of cool-storage. The sperm velocity and straightness parameters suggest that sperm swim faster but have a more circular pattern as seminal plasma increases to 25% at a given concentration. Based on the findings from this experiment, the semen ?dilution effect? may not significantly alter stallion sperm characteristics when a commercially-available semen extender is used for semen dilution.