Browsing by Subject "accidents"
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Item Analysis of Radionuclide Deposition Ratios from the Fukushima-Daiichi Incident(2014-07-07) Smith, Micheal RashaunConsequence management radiological dose assessors make several assumptions in dose projections regarding radionuclide depositions following a radiological release from a nuclear power plant. During training and exercises these coordinators and dose assessors make assumptions that the radionuclide deposition ratios will remain constant, only varying in terms of radioactive decay and weathering. This assumption is sometimes made regardless of large spatial and terrain variations. Following the Fukushima-Daiichi accident, the National Nuclear Security Administration?s Consequence Management Response Teams (CMRT) assisted in consequence management operations in Japan. Part of their work included taking air samples and in situ measurements using high purity germanium detectors throughout certain areas of the country. On this research the validity of the aforementioned assumption was examined by analysis of the in situ measurements obtained by the U.S. response teams and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Using isotopic ratios for a LWR core-damage accident, from FRMAC Manual Volume 3, a comparison was made with the collected in situ measurement data to determine how the FRMAC values compared against actual measured data. The main radionuclides considered in this evaluation were ^(134)Cs, ^(136)Cs, ^(137)Cs and ^(131)I. The goal of this comparison was to determine the validity of the training and exercise assumptions with regard to a real incident.Item Moderators of the Safety Climate-Injury Relationship: A Meta-Analytic Examination(2010-07-14) Beus, Jeremy M.This study examined the variability in the observed relationship between safety climate and injuries in the extant literature by meta-analytically examining possible moderators of the safety climate-injury relationship at both the individual and group levels of analysis. Hypotheses were posited regarding the effects of six moderators: study design (i.e., retrospective or prospective), the time frame for gathering injury data, the degree of content contamination and deficiency in safety climate measures, the source of injury data (i.e., archival or self-report), and the operationalization of injury severity. Results revealed that the safety climate-injury relationship is stronger at the group level (? = -.23) than at the individual level of analysis (? = -.18). Meaningful moderators included the time frame between the measurement of safety climate and injuries for prospective group-level studies, safety climate content contamination for group-level studies, and safety climate content deficiency for individual-level studies. Longer time frames for gathering injury data and safety climate content deficiency were found to decrease effect sizes while content contamination was associated with stronger effect sizes. Methodological recommendations are proposed for future research of the safety climate-injury relationship including prospective longitudinal study designs with data collected and analyzed at the group-level of analysis and injuries operationalized at a greater level of severity.