Browsing by Subject "Weight loss"
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Item Item Coping with weight-related discrepancy and potential impacts on future self-regulation of weight loss behavior : development of the WEIGHT-COPE(2011-12) Faries, Mark Daniel; Bartholomew, John B.; Kohl, Harold W.; Loukas, Alexandra; Pasch, Keryn; Tyler, DianeThe purpose of this dissertation was to develop a reliable and valid measure to assess coping responses to weight-related discrepancy in women. The decision to create such a measure stemmed from the difficulties individuals have with initiation and consistent regulation of weight-related behavior. When salient, perceived discrepancies with one’s weight or body can be emotionally laden, producing negative affective responses and discontent, labeled here as dissatisfaction. The individual must then find ways to cope. However, not all coping responses are equal, and are theorized to have varied impacts on future regulation of weight loss efforts. The present research addressed these issues by developing a theoretically-based measure, labeled the WEIGHT-COPE. The WEIGHT-COPE originally sought to capture healthy and unhealthy problem-focused coping efforts to lose weight, as well as approach and avoidance coping efforts theorized as more distal influences on problem-focused efforts. The WEIGHT-COPE and other relevant measures were completed by 470 females ages 18-35 years. Results of an exploratory factor analysis revealed a 38-item measure consisting of eight coping factors: Exercise/Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, Cutting Calories/Appetite Suppression, Supplement Use, Monitor/Planning, Disengage/Denial, Camouflage, and Acceptance/Positive Reframing. All factors were internally consistent ( = 0.71 to 0.89), and converged with other pertinent measures of weight satisfaction, weight controllability/changeability, social physique anxiety, self-esteem, weight loss efficacy, physical activity level, dietary intake and objectified body consciousness. To test theoretical implications on future self-regulation of weight loss behavior, a structural regression model was run utilizing the WEIGHT-COPE factors. The factors were associated in a theoretically-driven pattern, illustrating that coping responses to weight-related discrepancy have varied impact on weight loss behavior choice. Thus, the present findings provide preliminary support for the WEIGHT-COPE and suggest that individuals cope with weight-related discrepancy in different ways, which may then have various impacts future self-regulation of weight loss behavior.Item Effects of a community-based health and fitness program on weight, body composition, and chronic disease risk factors: A pilot study(2011-05) Stevenson, Jada L.; Cooper, Jamie A.; Boylan, Lee M.; Reed, DebraNearly two-thirds of Unites States adults are overweight or obese and approximately 15 million Americans are obese. Communities are responding by implementing team-based strategies to encourage weight loss and physical activity among local individuals. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of GET FiT Lubbock, an 8-week team- and community-based intervention on changes in body weight, body composition and chronic disease risk factors in adults. Methods: A total of 173 adults enrolled in the 8-week weight loss intervention and 32 adults (8 males and 24 females; mean age of 45±2.4 years; mean BMI of 31±1.2 kg/m2) completed pre- and post-intervention measurements. For the intervention, participants formed teams of four individuals. Teams then competed against one another to accrue as many points as possible. Points were awarded for minutes of self-reported exercise and attending nutrition and fitness lectures as well as community events. Pre-intervention measurements, which were taken 1 week prior to the start of the intervention, included height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. One week after the conclusion of the 8-week intervention, the same measurements were taken again. Minutes of exercise were self-reported weekly to research personnel. Results: The 8-week intervention resulted in significant decreases in body weight (-1.66 ±0.5kg, p<0.01), BMI (-0.6 ±0.2, p<0.01), waist circumference (-3.0 ±0.6cm, p<0.001), hip circumference (-2.9 ±0.5cm, p<0.001), total cholesterol (-6.9 ±2.5mg/dL, p<0.01), and systolic blood pressure (-3.8 ±1.8mmHg, p<0.05). Conversely, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose significantly increased (3.8 ±1.3mg/dL, p<0.01 and 3.94 ±1.5mg/dL, p<0.05, respectively). There were no changes in diastolic blood pressure. Males significantly lost more body fat percentage than females (-3.65 ±0.5% vs. 0.14 ±0.4%), which proved to be the only significant gender difference for the change in each variable. Further, there were no significant changes in outcome variables when analyzed by initial BMI category. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the GET FiT Lubbock program can produce modest weight loss and improve chronic disease risk factors. Although more data are needed regarding gender and BMI group differences, this study provides a point of reference for future team- and community-based exercise and health campaigns.Item Influence of licensed staffing hours, contract nursing, and turnover on MDS-based quality measures in Texas nursing homes(2011-08) Ragsdale, Vickie Lynn; McDougall, Graham J.; Acton, Gayle; Volker, Deborah; Godbout, Robert C.; Hawes, CatherinePURPOSE: Substantial research demonstrates that many nursing homes are not providing adequate quality of care for residents because of inadequate processes of care and insufficient numbers and training of nursing staff. Some residents experience poor-quality outcomes, such as pressure ulcers and unintended weight loss. To address these issues, the long-term care industry has focused on improving quality of care by improving staff education about care processes and reducing nurse turnover rate. The aim of this study was to compare the association between - licensed nurse hours of care and turnover rate to five quality measures—incidence of ADL decline, physical restraints, prevalence of pressure ulcers among residents with risk factors for skin breakdown, and prevalence of unintended weight loss. DESIGN: The study population included 618 freestanding Texas nursing facilities. A cross-sectional multiple regression analysis was conducted using 2007 data to examine the relationship between nurse staffing levels and turnover and resident outcomes with control variables for facility and resident characteristics. RESULTS: The high-risk pressure ulcer variable accounted for 10% of the variation in the regression model. LVN (hprd) was positively associated with an increase in high-risk pressure ulcers. The ADL decline variable accounted for 7.5% of the variation in the regression model, and RN hprd was positively associated with ADL decline. The prevalence of weight loss variable accounted for 3% of the variation in the regression model. RN turnover rate was approaching significance. The physical restraint variable accounted for 2% of the variation in the regression model. LVN contract hprd was significant and positively associated with an increase in physical restraint use although a minimal contribution to the model given the low percentage of LVN contract hprd. The prevalence of low-risk pressure ulcers was not significant. The control variable case mix index was positively associated with ADL decline, high-risk pressure ulcers, and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: This research will contribute to understanding the relationship of licensed nursing staff to resident outcomes. Additionally, it will contribute to nursing education, research, and policy. While controlling for acuity using case mix index, some negative findings were still noted that requires further research.Item Spouse involvement in a behavioral weight loss program(Texas Tech University, 1986-08) Ewing, Julie ANot availableItem Weight control, self-perception, and self-esteem in adolescence : the role of schools and social comparison(2011-05) Mueller, Anna Strassmann; Muller, Chandra; Raley, R. Kelly; Frank, Kenneth; Hayward, Mark; Umberson, Debra; Crosnoe, RobertFor adolescents, body weight can be a complicated and sometimes difficult issue. Though the majority of adolescents report being aware of normative gendered body ideals, how adolescents incorporate or reject these ideals into their own weight-control decisions or sense of self can vary dramatically, largely in reaction to their social experiences with body ideals in the local, immediate contexts of their daily lives. The role of one such local context - schools - has remained largely unexplored in existing literature. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and multi-level modeling, I investigate the role high school weight cultures play in the development of adolescents’ weight-loss behaviors, overweight self-perceptions, and self-esteem. I employ social comparison theories, specifically the idea of who may serve as a likely target for social comparison - general others, similar others, or high status others - to develop hypotheses about which aspects of the school context may be associated with various aspects of adolescents’ body weight. Overall, my results indicate that there is a strong relationship between adolescents’ weight-loss behavior, self-perception and self-esteem and the weight-related culture in the school. For example, adolescent boys, on average, are significantly less likely to report perceiving themselves as overweight or engaging in weight-loss behaviors when they attend schools where there are many overweight boys in the student body. I also find that there is some variation within the school in terms of which peers are most salient to adolescents’ behaviors and self-perceptions. Both boys and girls are particularly impacted by the values and behaviors of similar others, when similarity is defined by same-sex adolescents of a similar body size. For example, on average, overweight adolescent girls are significantly more likely to report engaging in weight-loss behaviors when a higher proportion of overweight girls in their school also are engaged in weight-loss behaviors. The same pattern is found among adolescent boys. Overall, these findings suggest that meso-level social contexts - like schools - may be particularly important to how individuals incorporate macro-level beliefs or values - like gendered body ideals - into their own behaviors and self-concepts.