Browsing by Subject "Water -- Purification -- Perchlorate removal"
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Item Studies on perchlorate filtration by fabric filters(Texas Tech University, 2004-05) Barathamani, KavithaThe environment enveloping the earth, acts as the life supporting media for all living organisms on the world. It is important to have a trouble free environment for the well being of all living things created by the nature. The recent detection of perchlorate, a chemical radical, is one of many chemical contaminants hampering the natural balance needed for a better environment. Perchlorate is a manmade industrial byproduct; a toxic chemical substance contaminating the ground water. The toxic effects of perchlorate on living beings have been found to be drastic and sometimes fatal. Devising perchlorate countermeasure technologies calls for engineered solutions that would remove this substance from water in a cost effective manner. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the perchlorate filtration capability of woven and nonwoven fabrics. The adsorption of the anionic reactive radical (C104') by fabrics that act as the filter medium has been determined using ion chromatography. Commercially available woven and nonwoven fabrics with specific characteristics were used as the experimental filter medium in the study. The filtration ability of the countermeasures medium in removing the perchlorate anion was analyzed and compared with the other fabrics used in the study. Results showed that among the various woven and nonwoven fabrics used as filters, activated carbon fabrics having high carbon deposition were found to exhibit the highest ability to adsorb perchlorate ions in the filtration process. This work has shown that textile fabrics can serve as perchlorate filter mediums contrary to the results available in the public domain. Moreover, the fabric filtration treatment method has been proven to be effective in removing perchlorate from the contaminated medium in a simple and effective manner.Item Treatment of perchlorate contaminated water using an advanced membrane reactor(Texas Tech University, 2004-08) Padhye, Lokesh PradeepThe perchlorate contamination of drinking water has become a major concern for many areas of the country. Hence, effective and reliable treatment technology is needed at water treatment plants to treat perchlorate below the local regulatory limits. This research was particularly important because it addresses specific concerns of using the advanced membrane reactor (AMR) in the water treatment plant. The advantages of using hydrogenotrophic perchlorate treatment over heterotrophic treatment include: (1) lower cell yield; (2) elimination of carryover of added organic electron donor to the product water; (3) the relatively low solubility of hydrogen, which makes it easy to remove from the product water by air stripping; and (4) the low cost of hydrogen. The major objectives of the research were (1) to develop an autotrophic membrane bioreactor for treating perchlorate contaminated water; (2) to determine the suitability of the treatment unit in water treatment plants with respect to biomass washouts; and (3) to determine the kinetics of perchlorate degradation. From the kinetics data, the reactor for the water treatment plant can be appropriately sized for the influent perchlorate concentration. Various experiments were conducted using distilled, deionized (DDI) water and tap water as the feed solution. DDI water feed was used to confirm that the culture growing in the reactor was autotrophic. The AMR was successful in treatment of perchlorate contaminated water regardless of the type of the feed used. The efficiency of AMR was observed to be greater than 99.9% in treating the perchlorate to less than detection limit levels (4 ìgl).