Browsing by Subject "WRAP"
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Item Impact of Reservoir Evaporation and Evaporation Suppression on Water Supply Capabilities(2013-04-01) Ayala, Rolando AReservoir storage is essential for developing dependable water supplies and is a major component of the river system water budget. The storage contents of reservoirs fluctuate greatly with variations in water use and climatic conditions that range from severe multiple-year droughts to floods. Water surface evaporation typically represents a major component of the reservoir water budget. This thesis investigates the effects of evaporation and potential reductions in this evaporation on the water supply capabilities of reservoirs in Texas. As part of this research, a literature review based assessment of capabilities for reducing reservoir evaporation using monolayer films and other methods was performed. The literature review assessment provides an overview of past evaporation suppression studies performed using monolayer films and other evaporation suppression technologies including water shades and covers. The overview provides a summary on monolayer film application techniques, environmental impacts, operational and material costs, evaluation methods, and achievable evaporation reduction rates. This research project quantifies the impact of reservoir evaporation on water supply availability/reliability by using the Texas Water Availability Modeling (WAM) System which consists of the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) and 21 sets of WRAP input files covering the 23 river basins of the state, a geographic information system (GIS), and contains over 8,000 water rights permits, which include 3,435 reservoirs. The impact of evaporation on water supply availability/reliability was evaluated by performing several analyses in which evaporation rates are reduced by specified percentages starting when storage levels drop below certain trigger percentages of reservoir storage capacity.Item Improving capabilities for dealing with key complexities of water availability modeling(Texas A&M University, 2005-02-17) Olmos Alejo, Hector EliasWater availability has been of great concern in the State of Texas and many other places worldwide. During 1997-2003, pursuant to the 1997 Senate Bill 1, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), its partner agencies, and contractors developed a Water Availability Modeling (WAM) System based on the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) model, developed at Texas A&M University. WAM has been widely applied in the State of Texas and because of its convenience, applications, and capabilities, it is planned to be implemented in other States and Countries. This thesis addresses different aspects of WAM, including conditional reliability modeling, firm yield analysis following classic and recently developed methodologies, evaluating the impact of different considerations on reliability analyses, simplification of complex WAM datasets and the display of WRAP results into ArcMap. Conditional reliability modeling evaluates short term diversion/storage reliabilities based on an initial storage level. WRAP-CON has been evaluated and improved, in addition a new modeling methodology has been developed, in which probabilities of occurrence for each hydrologic sequence is based on the relationship between storage and future flows. Recently developed WRAP capabilities have been evaluated, providing users new tools and increased flexibility. Some of these improvements are firm yield analysis, cycling and dual simulation. In addition to improved software, guidelines have also been developed, including a set to simplify extremely large WAM datasets, while maintaining the effect of all the other water rights in a basin.Item Modeling Reallocation of Reservoir Storage Capacity Between Flood Control and Conservation Purposes(2010-07-14) Kim, Tae JinInterest in converting portions of the large volumes of flood control storage capacity in federal multiple-purpose reservoirs in Texas and elsewhere to water supply and other conservation purposes has been growing for some time. Evaluation of storage reallocations involving tradeoffs between flood control and conservation purposes in multiple-purpose, multiple-reservoir systems represents a new area for applying the Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) and Texas Water Availability Modeling (WAM) System. A system of 12 multiple-purpose reservoirs operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Brazos River Authority (BRA) was adopted as a case study in this research to develop and test expanded WRAP/WAM-based methods for analyzing modifications in reservoir storage allocations and related system operations. The research consisted of the following tasks: ? The Brazos River Basin WRAP input dataset from the Texas WAM System (Brazos WAM) has a 1940-1997 hydrologic period-of-analysis. The research included developing and applying methods to extend the period-of-analysis to 1900-2007 providing a better representation of river basin hydrology. The methodology developed could potentially be used to update the other river basin datasets in the statewide WAM System. ? The Brazos WAM has 3,830 control points, 670 reservoirs, and hundreds of water rights. The research included developing and applying methods to create a much easier-to-apply condensed dataset focused on the USACE/BRA reservoir system and associated water rights that have only 48 control points and 14 reservoirs. ? The WRAP/WAM System was developed based on a monthly computational time step. The research included applying developmental methodologies for converting a monthly model to a daily time step that includes disaggregation of monthly naturalized flows to daily flows, calibration of flow routing coefficients, and incorporation of forecasting in the simulation. ? The WRAP/WAM System is designed for assessing water supply reliabilities and stream flow and storage frequencies from the perspective of conservative purposes. The research added flood risk indices to the WRAP modeling system in order to address tradeoffs between flood control and conservation purposes. ? The WRAP/WAM-based simulation study performed with the modified WAM dataset developed in this research demonstrates the improvements in water supply capabilities and tradeoffs with flood control associated with various reservoir storage reallocation strategies and other modifications in reservoir system operations.