Browsing by Subject "Translation"
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Item Beyond books : interactive lessons for the college biology classroom(2011-12) Londeore, Cynthia Fay; Jansen, Robert K., 1954-; Fischer, JaniceCollege level science is frequently taught as a recitation of facts in a lecture hall, and the students are expected to gain understanding and insight with their own study. Interactive learning is more effective than lecture based learning and more memorable for the students. Teaching with hands on models has been shown to specifically be beneficial in a college level molecular biology context. Included here is a guide for the instructor leading her through topic selection, activity development, and presentation to the class, as well as five complete and tested lesson plans with notes on alteration made and the reasons for them.Item Beyond English : translating modernism in the global south(2014-12) Tiwari, Bhavya; Richmond-Garza, Elizabeth M. (Elizabeth Merle),1964-My title echoes Agha Shahid Ali’s sentiment of needing to move beyond the linguistic nationalism of “English” toward a more varied understanding of Anglophone writing within multiple contexts in the world. In three theoretical case studies from four linguistic and literary traditions (English, Bengali, Spanish, and Hindi-Urdu), I explore the dimensions and definitions of comparative Anglophone and world literature, comparative poetics, and a comparative study of novels – in the global postcolonial world. I focus on moments of translatability and untranslatability to question traditional models for studies in English and comparative literature that do not account for translation. Each of my chapters shows how texts in the “original” or “translation” do not always circulate from a homogenized metropolitan center to a marginalized periphery, and unlike in the elite North American and Parisian world where untranslatability often inspires terror and loss of language, translations can act as connecting forces that create organic dialogue in the global south on modernism and postcolonial discourses that go beyond Europe and AmericaItem Bubble pulsation and translation near a soft tissue interface(2014-05) Tengelsen, Daniel R. (Daniel Ross), 1983-; Hamilton, Mark F.A Lagrangian formalism presented by Hay, Ilinskii, Zabolotskaya, and Hamilton [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 124--137 (2012)] to calculate the pulsation of a spherical bubble, immersed in liquid and near one or two viscoelastic layers, is extended here to include bubble translation. The method presented here is simplified from that given by Hay et al. in that only a single interface between a liquid and a viscoelastic half-space is considered. In the present approach the force on the bubble due to the presence of the liquid-solid interface is calculated using a Green's function that takes into account elastic waves and viscosity in the layer, and the viscous boundary layer within the liquid near the interface. Previous models and experiments have shown that the direction of bubble translation near a viscoelastic layer is correlated with the direction of a liquid jet often produced by the bubble during collapse. In this dissertation an attempt is made to model the pulsation and translation of a spherical bubble near a liquid-solid interface to infer the direction of bubble translation in reference to material parameters of the liquid and viscoelastic medium, and the standoff distance of the bubble from the interface. The analysis is simplified by demonstrating that the direction of bubble translation can be inferred from the phase of the component of the Green's function associated with the reverberant pressure gradient. For linear bubble pulsation it is shown that the domain of material properties of the viscoelastic medium which generally corresponds to bubble translation away from the interface occurs when the effective stiffness of the viscoelastic medium is greater than the effective damping for both itself and the liquid. The analysis is performed assuming the viscoelastic medium is similar to soft tissue, and its dynamics are described by a Voigt, Kelvin, or Maxwell model. The simulations are compared with existing experimental data. Effects of high-amplitude bubble pulsation are explored in terms of how the simulations differ as the pulsation amplitude increases. At higher pulsation amplitudes, it is shown that bubble translation is still described qualitatively by analyzing the phase of the reverberant pressure gradient.Item Carried meaning in the Mahābhārata(2015-12) Rudmann, Daniel Adam; Selby, Martha Ann; Brereton, Joel P., 1948-; Freiberger, Oliver; Talbot, Cynthia; Hiltebeitel, AlfThe Mahābhārata describes itself as both a comprehensive and exhaustive text, incorporating a range of genres while presenting diverse perspectives through a matrix of interacting narratives. Its main story and subtales are the subject of productive contemporary studies that underscore the significance of the Sanskrit epic, though this scholarship is also famously criticized for overlooking literary inquiry. The following dissertation enacts a close reading of four subtales, Nala’s Tale, Rāma’s Tale, Sāvitrī’s Tale, and The Yakṣa’s Questions, in context with the larger work to uncover the implications of a literary study of the Mahābhārata. By conducting translations of passages from the epic, this dissertation builds sites of alliance among frame and subtale, literary and translation theory, critical analysis and contemporary scholarship, as well as the Mahābhārata and other works of literature in order to consider the ways in which meaning is generated throughout the text. Language, constituent parts, and operative principles are found to reverberate in the epic, eschewing didacticism and stasis for literary vitality. Themes of loss, love, disguise, and discovery veer throughout the subtales as sideshadows that at once collaborate and contradict to continuously redefine one another. The Mahābhārata’s self-conscious and reiterative reinterpretation of its own constructs presents critical insights on translation as dialogical correspondence, occurring within utterances as well as between languages. The act of translation, utilized by the poem itself to develop and proliferate significance, reveals difference and bears legibility within the epic.Item Does gender affect translation? : analysis of English talks translated to Arabic(2014-05) Hayeri, Navid; Pennebaker, James W.; Hillmann, Michael Craig, 1940-When a text in a foreign language is translated into English, many of the features of the original language disappear. The tools described in this paper can give people who work with translators and translations an insight into dimensions of a culture that may escape the notice of someone not familiar with the source language or culture. A set of computer programs are described that analyze both English and Arabic texts using each language's function word or closed-class words categories. First, the LIWC (Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007) text analysis program was translated into Arabic. Then, the grammatical dimensions of Arabic function words was determined that served as a basis for the Arabic LIWC designed for Arabic texts. These same Arabic dimensions were used to fit English words into the same categories. A large corpus of Modern Standard Arabic and English text files that have been translated in both directions were used to establish the equivalence of the translated word lists. Then, the uses and applications of the dictionaries for computer-based text analysis within and across cultures are described in the study of influence of gender on translation of TED talks between English and Arabic. Differences were identified in language style between men and women in their English language TED talks, and these features were examined whether they were faithfully maintained in translations to Arabic. The rates of function word use was employed to measure language style. Function words (e.g., pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions) appear at high rates in both English and in Arabic, and they have been shown to provide social, demographic, and psychological information about authors and speakers in English and a variety of other languages. The sample included 328 (196 male and 132 female) TED talks delivered in English from 2004 to 2010 and their translations to Arabic. Rates of function word use in the original and translated texts were examined using the English version of the word counting software. The function word use compared between male and female speakers, male and female translators, and their interaction. The results confirmed gender differences in language style for English texts found in previous studies in English. For example, women used more pronouns, more negatives, and fewer numbers than did men. It was further found that several of the distinguishing language style features between men and women in English disappeared in Arabic translations. Importantly, there was a significant gender difference in the language style of male and female translators: first person singular pronouns, second person pronouns, conjunctions, and prepositions were used more by female translators, and quantity words were used more by male translators, regardless of the gender of the original speaker. This study presents one application of computerized text analysis to examine differences in language style that may be lost or gained in translations. Future research and applications within personality, forensic, and literary psychology, linguistics, and foreign language studies are discussed.Item Gender and class : translation and analysis of "Phislan" and "Lihaaf"(2015-05) Maredia, Farhana Noordin; Hyder, Syed Akbar; Mohammad, AfsarAfter the publication of her short story "Lihaaf" in 1942, Ismat Chughtai was tried by the British Crown on charges of obscenity. Muhammad Hasan Askari's "Phislan," although published a year earlier, was never leveled with these charges and the short story generally flew under the radar in comparison to its notorious counterpart. Throughout the years, both readers and critics alike have simplified and reduced "Phislan" and "Lihaaf" as prime examples of homoerotic Urdu literature. The vast majority of literary criticism and work on gender that references these stories maintains the view that both stories are markedly homoerotic. However, the fact that the characters in both stories negotiate arguably homosocial spaces suggests that it might be more important to focus on the issues of sexuality and gender taking place rather than fixating on labeling the sexuality itself. To refocus this attention more broadly toward these issues exposes the importance of class, an aspect of the two stories that does not receive its due, proportionate interest. This paper presents original translations of Askari's "Phislan" and Chughtai's "Lihaaf," and then undertakes an analysis of the aforementioned issues of sexuality, gender and class.Item Grimmelshausen's Das wunderbarliche Vogelnest : critical introduction and translation(1975) Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoph von, 1625-1676; Eubank, Lynn; Read, Ralph R., IIIItem Harboring narratives : notes towards a literature of the Mediterranean(2015-08) Lovato, Martino; Tissières, Hélène; Ali, Samer; Bonifazio, Paola; El-Ariss, Tarek; Harlow, Barbara; Bouchard, NormaThrough the reading of several novels and movies produced in Arabic, French, and Italian between the 1980s and the 2000s, in this dissertation I provide a literary and transmedia contribution to the field of Mediterranean studies. Responding to the challenge brought by the regional category of Mediterranean to singular national and linguistic understandings of literature and cinema, I employ a comparative and multidisciplinary methodology to read novels by Baha’ Taher, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Abdelmalek Smari, and movies by film directors Merzak Allouache, Abdellatif Kechiche, and Vittorio De Seta. I define these works as “harboring narratives,” as they engage with the two shores of the Mediterranean in a complex process of interiorization and negotiation, opening routes of meaning across languages, societies and cultures. As they challenge constructions of otherness that materialize in present-day conflicts in the region, the works of these novelists and filmmakers give voice to a perspective on the Mediterranean radically different from that upheld by the “paradigms of discord.” Whereas according to these paradigms there is nothing in the Mediterranean but an iron curtain, these works present migration and conflict, historiography and religion, intimacy and translation as experiences shared across countries and societies in the region. By following routes of meaning that draw together the linguistic, the geographical, the economic, the historical, and the religious, I study how these novelists and filmmakers establish relationships between “horizons of belonging” and “elsewhere,” selfhood and otherness. In so doing, I respond to Kinoshita and Mallette’s call for challenging the “monolingualism” inherent in our contemporary ways of reading linguistic and literary traditions. As I show how the routes of meaning opened by these novelists and filmmakers across the region lead to hope that one day we will rejoice in sharing a common Mediterranean shore, however, I caution against easy enthusiasms. These novelists and filmmakers urge us to respond to the challenge of the present-day conflicts they address in their works, and a shared Mediterranean shore will eventually appear on the horizon only after we overcome monolingual conceptions of selfhood and otherness, setting sail towards a shore we have never seen.Item Intimate encounters : the materiality of translation in Egyptian novels of the late Nahḍa(2013-12) Ziajka, Anna Rose; El-Ariss, TarekFoucault described translation as an instance of two languages colliding; Spivak calls translation “the most intimate act of reading.” Considering the two Egyptian novels ‘Uṣfūr min al-sharq by Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm (1938) and Qindīl umm hāshim by Yaḥyā Ḥaqqī (1944), this paper argues that the particularly subtle type of translation that they employ from French and English into Arabic can be best analyzed with a theoretical model of translation that, following Foucault and Spivak, emphasizes the material properties of languages, and specifically, their capacity to engage each other physically through acts of colliding, coupling, and reproducing. Such a method of analysis suggests fruitful new implications for looking at how language and literature traveled between Egypt and Europe during the so-called Arab Renaissance (the nahḍa) of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including what possibilities for the Arabic language might have emerged in its intimate engagement with the languages of the European other. Moreover, this model of translation allows us to move beyond the politicized paradigms that dominate the field of contemporary translation studies and embrace the contradictions and paradoxes inherent in any encounter between cultures, societies, and languages, and in any act of translation.Item The languages of Nox : photographs, materiality, and translation in Anne Carson's epitaph(2013-05) Macmillan, Rebecca Anne; Cvetkovich, Ann, 1957-Looking primarily at the family photographs in Anne Carson’s epitaph in book form, this essay explores how Nox multiply exhibits translation as the approximation of an imperfect nearness. The replica of a testimonial object Carson created after her brother’s passing, Nox is a resolutely non- narrative work of poetry structured around a belabored translation of a Catullan elegy, prose poems, photographs, and other fragments of memorial matter. Examining Nox as an intimate archive made public through Carson’s act of curation, my project draws attention to how this work analogizes translation to the understanding of affective life. Inspired by Marianne Hirsch’s critical work on vernacular photography, I demonstrate that the exhibited family photographs in Nox not only thematize Carson’s focus on illumination and darkness, but also materially amplify the inaccessibility of the felt lives they encapsulate. I argue that Nox, like the photographs it houses, models a memorial practice insistent simultaneously on materiality and the incomplete proximity to what remains.Item Orpheus' Argonautica : language, tradition, allusion, and translation(2014-12) Inman, James Alan; Hubbard, Thomas K.Orpheus' Argonautica is a little-known re-telling of Jason's iconic quest to the ends of the Earth in search of the mythical Golden Fleece. Despite the fact that the narrator adopts the voice of Orpheus, the quintessential poet and mystic of ancient Greece, our author's identity and chronology are unknown. This document will demonstrate that certain features of the poem's language are not "irregular," as has been asserted in recent centuries. It will also place our poem within the literary tradition of Orpheus, exploring this mythical figure from the sixth century BCE through the fourteenth century CE. We will show the author's fluency in the intertextual game of allusion, revealing a likely familiarity with Latin literature, as well. Finally there is included an annotated English translation of the poem which should be accessible to experts and laypersons alike.Item Space object translational and rotational state prediction and sensitivity calculation(2016-12) Hatten, Noble Ariel; Russell, Ryan Paul, 1976-; Akella, Maruthi R; Bettadpur, Srinivas V; Jones, Brandon A; Weisman, Ryan MWhile computing power has grown monumentally during the space age, the demands of astrodynamics applications have more than kept pace. Resources are taxed by the ever-growing number of Earth-orbiting space objects (SOs) that must be tracked to maintain space situational awareness (SSA) and by increasingly popular but computationally expensive tools like Monte Carlo techniques and stochastic optimization algorithms. In this dissertation, methods are presented to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and utility of SO state prediction and sensitivity calculation algorithms. The dynamical model of the low Earth orbit regime is addressed through the introduction of an upgraded Harris-Priester atmospheric density model, which introduces a smooth polynomial dependency on solar flux. Additional modifications eliminate singularities and provide smooth partial derivatives of the density with respect to SO state, time, and solar conditions. The numerical solution of the equations of motion derived from dynamics models is also addressed, with particular emphasis placed on six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) state prediction. Implicit Runge-Kutta (IRK) methods are applied to the 6DOF problem, and customizations, including variable-fidelity dynamics models and parallelization, are introduced to maximize efficiency and take advantage of modern computing architectures. Sensitivity calculation -- a necessity for SSA and other applications -- via RK methods is also examined. Linear algebraic systems for first- and second-order state transition matrix calculation are derived by directly differentiating either the first- or second-order form of the RK update equations. This approach significantly reduces the required number of Jacobian and Hessian evaluations compared to the ubiquitous augmented state vector approach for IRK methods, which can result in more efficient calculations. Parallelization is once again leveraged to reduce the runtime of IRK methods. Finally, a hybrid special perturbation/general perturbation (SP/GP) technique is introduced to address the notoriously slow speed of fully coupled 6DOF state prediction. The hybrid method uses a GP rotational state prediction to provide low-fidelity attitude information for a high-fidelity 3DOF SP routine. This strategy allows for the calculation of body forces using arbitrary shape models without adding attitude to the propagated state or taking the small step sizes often required by full 6DOF propagation. The attitude approximation is obtained from a Lie-Deprit perturbation result previously applied to SOs in circular orbits subject to gravity-gradient torque and extended here to SOs in elliptical orbits. The hybrid method is shown to produce a meaningful middle ground between 3DOF SP and 6DOF SP methods in the accuracy vs. efficiency space.Item Subjectivity as skopos : on translating a Dutch novel(2016-05) Ropp, Sarah Jean; Bos, Pascale R.; Richmond-Garza, Elizabeth MThis master’s thesis presents an excerpt of my translation of the Dutch novel Maar buiten is het feest (Arthur Japin, 2012), along with critical commentary. I begin with a review of the most relevant and useful theory I researched for my project, with Hans J. Vermeer’s skopos theory providing a crucial basis for my ultimate application of various theoretical approaches, including Venuti’s foreignization and feminist translation theory. I then define my own skopos (from Greek: aim or purpose) for this particular translation project, and follow with a detailed discussion of my motivations, methods, and choices for the excerpt presented in light of the skopos I define. I argue that a translation should be judged according to the skopos or skopoi established by the translator and that, as such, the selection of a variety of theoretical approaches is appropriate in application.Item Three political essays and two other essays by Helga Königsdorf : translations(1993) Königsdorf, Helga, 1938-2014; Keeton, Brian Gray; Swaffar, Janet K.; Arens, Katherine, 1953-Item Translating Hiromi Kawakami’s “Tread on a snake”(2014-05) Puente-Aguilera, Ana Deyanira; Cather, KirstenThis report includes my translation of the short story “Tread on a Snake” (Hebi o Fumu) by Kawakami Hiromi, which is presented here as a significant contribution to modern Japanese literature in translation. The story received the prestigious Akutagawa Prize in 1996, although support for it was not unanimous as seen in my translation of the judges’ comments offered here as well. Following the translation of the story itself is an essay that discusses my personal experiences translating the story. I discuss elements that may be unique to the experience of translating Kawakami’s works, but also many that are applicable more broadly to issues of translation that go beyond her works and even Japanese literature as well. Challenges included maintaining the author’s tone and voice, the appropriate use of notes to provide cultural background, and the deliberate use of non-translated terms in a translation.Item Translation and commentary : De wet van Aptailo and De dood van mijn grootvader, by Hugo Pos ; Translation and commentary : chapter one of Het teken van Jona, by Boeli van Leeuwen(1991) Taylor, Timothy J., 1965-; Lefevere, AndréItem Translation theory and practice in the Abbasid era(2014-08) Goodin, Katherine Sproul; El-Ariss, TarekThis paper explores the theoretical approaches to translation and the dynamics of language politics during the ʻAbbāsid-era translation movement through the lens of three prominent figures of the ʿAbbāsid era, Ḥunayn ibn Isʹhāq, Mattā bin Yūnus and al-Jāḥiẓ. In conversation with Emily Apter's concept of untranslatability and current concerns about translation into and out of Arabic, this paper examines the cultural implications of claims to translatability and untranslatability. The ʿAbbāsid era presents a particularly useful comparison to the present because rather than being marginal, Arabic was the language of an expanding empire, and also because the ʿAbbāsid era was a kind of 'Golden Age' of translation. The ʿAbbāsid era was an enormously productive period, with translators rendering nearly the entirely corpus of available Greek manuscripts into Arabic. This outpouring of translation activity not only provided an influx of new ideas but provoked a wide-ranging debate among the literati of the time about the possibilities and problems of translation. Examining the figures of al-Jāḥiẓ, Mattā bin Yūnus and Ḥunayn ibn Is'hāq provides a window into this theoretical conversation. Al-Jāḥiẓ, as one of the foremost authorities on Arabic rhetoric, gave voice to more than one view of translation, in part defining Arabic writing as too unique to be translated while elsewhere claiming translations from other languages as the inheritance of the Arab culture. The Aristotelian translator Mattā bin Yūnus provides an example of backlash against translation in which foreign ideas were seen as a threat to Arab identity. Ḥunayn ibn Is'hāq, one of most highly regarded translators of his day, reveals a pragmatic approach to translation which integrated Greek works into Arab society. These three figures reorient the poles of translatability and untranslatability, revealing the potential of both to strengthen hegemony, and show the positive and negative aspects of an Arabocentric and Islamocentric universalism.Item Translation, interpretation, and reconstruction : selections from Bertil Malmberg's Åke and his world(2000) Malmberg, Bertil, 1889-1958; Szmania, Susan J.; Gustafsson, Lars, 1936-; Wilkinson, Lynn RosellenItem Unique effects of retroviruses on cap-dependent translation and protein trafficking(2016-05) Gou, Yongqiang; Dudley, Jaquelin; Huibregtse, Jon; Johnson, Arlen; O'Halloran, Theresa; Sullivan, ChristopherThe tight regulation of protein expression is critical for the survival of mammalian cells, providing a vital line of defense against viral attacks. Since translation initiation is the rate limiting step of translation, viruses have evolved various mechanisms to efficiently subvert translation initiation for their own advantage. Here I present a unique and previously unrecognized system of host translational regulation utilized by vectors containing retroviral sequences. I found that introduction into mammalian cells of specific viral DNA vectors increased host translation through a novel cap-dependent translation initiation mechanism, which is different from the canonical cap-dependent translation regulated by mTORC1 signaling1. These viral DNA vectors specifically enhanced exogenous protein translation efficiency of capped mRNA expressed from unrelated vectors in trans, a result opposite from the typical type I interferon response to detection of viral nucleic acids. Since protein expression efficiency of a specific exogenous protein in different mammalian cells can be increased by the introduction of these viral DNA vectors with minor modifications, this observation has the potential for application to basic research as well as production of protein-based drugs, such as antibodies or interferon, DNA vaccines, and gene therapy. Studies of retroviruses also resulted in another interesting discovery. Previous studies of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV have shown that the MMTV-encoded Rem is a precursor that is cleaved by signal peptidase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the N-terminal signal peptide (Rem-SP) subverts the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Deregulation of the ERAD process plays a crucial role in several human diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, and cystic fibrosis. My studies focused on the Rem C-terminus (Rem-CT) whose function is largely unknown. Surprisingly, I found that Rem-CT as well as Rem-SP were able to utilize the ERAD pathway. A portion of Rem-CT utilizes the cellular vesicle trafficking pathway to traffic out of the ER, yet then uses Arf1 to return to the ER for retrotranslocation and ERAD. Further study of the mechanism of Rem-CT trafficking and function will shed light on how viruses manipulate cellular systems to promote virus replication.Item Weaving together love and loss: the work of Juan Draghi Lucero and the role of the self-reflexive translator(Texas Tech University, 2008-05) OConnell, Dorothy M.; Aycock, Wendell M.; Ybarra, Priscilla S.Weaving Together Love and Loss: The Work of Juan Draghi Lucero and the Role of the Self-Reflexive Translator is an introduction of the literary work of Argentine author Juan Draghi Lucero in translation. This is the first time his work has been translated into English. It includes two stories from Lucero’s major work Las mil y unas noches argentinas, as well as biographical information about Lucero and a theoretical grounding for the work. This project also enters into the academic discussion concerning the role of literary translation and translators in the global era.