Browsing by Subject "TB"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control in the United States and Worldwide(2013-06-03) Calderon, Veronica Elena; Mayhall, C. Glen; Arcari, Christine; de Boer, MelanieTB is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Approximately one-third of the world’s population is infected with TB. In 2011, there are about 9 million new infections and almost 1.4 million deaths. Furthermore, TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-positive individuals. With the global HIV pandemic and the emergence of MDR- and XDR-TB, new diagnostics and treatments are urgently needed for the control and prevention of TB. Ultimately, the coordinated efforts of international and national government agencies, non-government agencies, healthcare professionals, and the public is needed to ensure the implementation and adherence of control strategies that will lead to the eradication of TB. This capstone will focus on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of TB, and the TB prevention and control measures as recommended by national and international organizations. The objectives of this project were accomplished through the direct observation of TB control and prevention measures in the hospital (UTMB) and public health (Galveston County Health District) settings. In addition, an extensive literature review was performed to gain a complete understanding of TB epidemiology, diagnostics, treatments, and prevention and control strategies.Item Tuberculosis: standards and resources for quality improvement in resource limited settings(2010-01-01) Katherine Louise McQuade; Christine Arcari, PhD MPH; Susan Weller, PhD; Philip Keiser, MDTuberculosis is a significant problem, infecting nearly 9 million new patients per year and killing about 2 million a year. The fight to eradicate TB is located primarily in countries that are resource poor and disproportionately affected by HIV and the development of drug resistant TB. The primary means with which to affect TB globally are to decrease transmission locally, mainly by effective identification, diagnosis, and treatment of TB patients. Providing quality care to TB patients is therefore essential to the global effort to eradicate TB. This review describes the problem of TB, identifies the essential services of TB control programs and standards of care, and reviews the available resources for quality improvement in resource limited settings. Finally, recommendations for a quality improvement plan for a TB control program in resource limited settings are made.Item Using High Throughput Screening to Acquire Promising Drug Candidates Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis(2011-07-27) LaiHing, Steven 1983-Mycobacterium tuberculosis currently affects 1/3 of the world's population. Over the past 20 years tuberculosis has become more resistant to all front line drugs used against it. Because of this, the threat of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR-TB) and Extensive Drug Resistant (XDR-TB) strains has grown greater and emerges as a world health issue. Modern travel has greatly facilitated the spread of these resistant strains. For this reason, more front line drugs are urgently needed in the fight against TB infection. High Throughput Screening can be used to both find and analyze promising drug candidates. Using automation, thousands of compounds can be tested against an attenuated strain of Tuberculosis and separate the promising compounds from the ineffective ones. We have found a select subset of candidates from our custom built ~52,000 compound diversity library which show potent inhibitory effects against our mc^2-7000 attenuated TB strain. These compounds have IC50s ranging from 1.98 muM to 11.3 muM and should be considered for future development as drugs against TB. Among the active compounds, we have found enrichment for hydrazines, as well as representation of several chemi-classes including quinolones. To determine possible toxicity issues, we have also vetted these compounds against a strain of human lymphoma; all of our promising compounds meet the threshold for non-cytoxicity.