Browsing by Subject "Sexual division of labor"
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Item Cross-national comparison of parenting attitudes: women's and men's attitudes towards participation of household tasks and childcare(Texas Tech University, 1999-12) Apparala, Malathi LathaStudying attitudes is very important because attitudes often predict actual behavior. Attitudes might be the cause of many unresolved conflicts in families and may be related to marital satisfaction. Attitudes toward participation in household tasks and childcare by fathers and mothers were explored using Resource Theory, Social Role Theory, and Postmaterialism/Materialism. Individual-level, family-level, and macro-level hypotheses were formulated to test the basic assumptions of these theories. The present study utilized data from Euro-Barometer surveys including data from 15,136 individuals residing in 13 countries in Europe. Analysis procedures included simple correlations and multi-level regression equations. On the whole, the study clearly indicated that men's and women's attitudes toward household tasks and childcare are related to various individual, and macro-level factors. It was found that at the individual level respondents held egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare when they were younger, were female and held liberal political attitudes. At the country level, gender empowerment, GNP, and individualism were related to egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare. When looking at results separately by gender, social class was positively related to egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare in women. Few of the hypotheses were not supported, which might be because of methodological and conceptual problems. Researchers should consider replicating the results to support these findings. Study implications, strengths and weaknesses, as well as suggestions for future research were addressed.Item Gender, values, and the formation of occupational goals(2006) Weisgram, Erica S.; Bigler, Rebecca S.Item Marital quality over the life course: a hierarchical linear model of duration and cohort effects(Texas Tech University, 2002-12) English, Sara MartinConsiderable debate over the trajectory of marital quality over the marital course has encamped into two major schools of thought: U-shaped or linear decline. Access to longitudinal data that extends into the later years of marriage and analytical techniques that allow tracking of changes in marital quality is often cited as a remedy for the limitations that plague much of this research. The sample, from the UCLA 1971-1997 Longitudinal Study of Generations, consisted of six waves of data on marital quality from three separate historical cohorts in intact, first marriages. Analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear modeling, a technique particularly suited for analyzing change across time in panel data, to determine duration and cohort effects on marital quality in marriages ranging from one to 69 years. The cohort married during the years 1945-1954 exhibited the familiar U-curve of both positive and negative marital quality. Results for the youngest cohort, married between 1964 and 1984, replicated similar research for a linear decline in positive marital quality and an increase in negative marital quality. While cohort effects were inconsistent, this study, unlike other longitudinal studies, replicated the U-shaped curve of marital quality found in previous cross-sectional studies in a cohort followed from the third through fifth decades of marriage.Item Motherhood and part-time work: the best of both worlds?(2005) Webber, Gretchen Rose; Williams, Christine L., 1959-