Browsing by Subject "Rumen fermentation"
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Item Effects of Amaferm supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood and milk constituents of sheep(Texas Tech University, 2002-05) Campbell, Shawn LarryThe objectives of this research were to: (1) determine the effects of feeding Amaferm 60 d prepartum to ewes (n = 60) through weaning on ewe and lamb blood glucose, BUN, and blood and milk IgG concentrations, as well as milk composition (0-36 h postpartum). (2) To determine if sex of lamb, type of birth (single, twin, or triplet), and ewe age (3-7) affects blood glucose, BUN, and blood and milk IgG concentrations, as well as milk composition (0-36 h postpartum). (3) To determine the effects of feeding Amaferm 60 d prepartum to ewes through weaning on ewe and lamb body weight gain, body condition score, and milk yield. (4) To determine if sex of lamb, type of birth (single, twin, or triplet), and ewe age (3-7) affects ewe and lamb body weight gain, body condition score, and milk yield. (5) To determine differences between breed and treatments for growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of lambs either fed a 14% finishing control diet or a similar diet containing Amaferm (0.5 g/hd/d). (6) To determine if any differences exist between breed and treatment for BUN, glucose, and IgG concentrations, and growth performance by lambs between birth and weaning. (7) To compare three finishing diets containing cotton byproducts as the source of roughage. An 8% starch-coated gin trash product (EGT), ground gin trash (GGT) (3/4" screen), and cottonseed hulls (CSH) were used for the roughage sources in three finishing diets. Amaferm was added to the diet of two pens, whereas the other two pens were fed the control diet. The diets consisted of 0.91 kg of com and 0.23 kg of cottonseed meal (CSM) daily or CSM plus Amaferm (14.17 g per ewe) for the experimental groups. Lambs (n = 47 for control n = 48 for Amaferm) were given free access to a 16% CP creep feed after they were 10 days old. Ewe milk IgG was higher (P < 0.01) for all times (0-36 h postpartum) for the control compared to the Amaferm fed ewes. Amaferm supplemented ewes (10.64%) had higher (P < 0.001) milk fat than control ewes (6.49%) at parturition. Milk lactose was higher (P < 0.05) for ewes on the control diet compared to the Amaferm diet (6-36 h postpartum). Lamb blood IgG did not differ P > 0.05) between treatments (0-36 h postpartum). Supplementing Amaferm to ewes increased milk fat at parturition, but decreased milk IgG and Lactose concentrations (0-36 h postpartum). Lamb IgG concentrations (0-36 h postpartum) were higher (P < 0.05) for Dorpcroix x Rambouillet (24.1 mg/mL) compared with the Rambouillet breed (21.2 mg/mL). Interactions between breed x treatment and breed x time occurred for BUN concentrations (0-36 h postpartum). Body condifion score 39 d postpartum was higher (P < 0.05) for Amaferm (2.65) compared with control (2.43) ewes. Supplementing Amaferm to ewes and lambs did not affect (P > 0.05) any other ewe or lamb BW gain, body condition score, or milk yield. Ewe body condition score BCS from parturition to weaning was higher (P < 0.05) for ewes nursing singles than ewes nursing twins, while Ewe BCS was lowest (P < 0.05) for ewes nursing triplets. Ewe BCS and BW through the entire study, and lamb weaning weight differed (P < 0.05) with ewe age (3-yr to 7-yr). Four-week milk yield differed (P < 0.05) for ewes nursing singles compared to ewes nursing twin or triplets. Supplementing Amaferm had very little effect on ewe and lamb performance or milk yield, however this study provided useful information about ewe age, and type of birth, and how they effect ewe BCS and BW, and lamb BW. Crossing Dorpcroix x Rambouillet breeds increased blood IgG concentrations (0-36 h postpartum) and tended to increase blood glucose concentrations (0-36 h postpartum) compared to the Rambouillet breed.Item Effects of sarsaponin and monensin on rumen fermentation and in vitro digestibilities(Texas Tech University, 1985-12) Gibson, Matthew LeeNot availableItem Ruminant pancreatic exocrine function and influence of protein quality and quantity on intestinal starch assimilation(Texas Tech University, 1993-08) Castlebury, Ronald E.The primary goal of animal nutritionists working with animals used for human consumption is to meet nutritional requirements of the animal while at the same time trying to maximize gain and feed efficiency for obvious economical reasons. One nutritional factor that limits feed efficiency in ruminants, as compared to nonruminants, is their apparent inability to digest large quantities of starch in the small intestine. Numerous factors are involved in the extent and site of digestion of dietary starch in ruminants.Item The effects of extrusion on ruminal digestion and performance of ruminants(Texas Tech University, 1998-05) Sanders, Kelly JamesThe effects of extruded cottonseed and was evaluated to determine if extrusion would alter the nutrient composition (DM, CP, NDF, ADF, total gossypol, TG , free gossypol, FG, and protein solubility, PS), ruminal digestion (dry matter digestibility, (DMD), true dry matter digestibility (TDD), ammonia release, (AR) and in sim nitrogen disappearance ND), body metabolism and animal performance. Whole cottonseed (WCS) and cull cottonseed (CCS) were extruded with an Insta Pro (Model 2000R) extruder at 112, 123 and 135^0 . Samples were dried and ground through a 1 mm screen for CCS and a 2 mm screen for WCS. Crude protein, EE, ash, TG was higher (P < .05) in the CCS. The effects of extrusion on DM, NDF, ADF and PS were dependent on the type of seed and temperature. Dry matter was increased for WCS and decreased for CCS. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF were higher for WCS and NDF decreased as temperature increased while CCS increased as temperature increased. Protein solubility was higher for WCS and CCS was lower for PS due to temperature. In vitro DMD was not changed by extrusion, but TDD was greater for CCS and TDD was decreased by extrusion temperature. Ammonia release was not significantly different between treatments but a trend of decreased AR was found when extruded temperature was increased. No differences were found for body metabolism. No differences were found in lamb performance when lambs were fed cottonseed meal (control) or different levels of extruded WCS (25, 50 ro 100% of the supplemental protein, EWC25, EWC50 or EWCl00, respectively) except that the EWCl00 had lower ADG while EWC25 and EWCl00 had the lowest FE. Lamb performance was numerically increased for EWC50. Average daily gain was increased by 11% and FE was increased by 8%. These data suggest that extruded cotton products can be used in ruminant diets without negative effects.