Browsing by Subject "Religion and ethics"
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Item Moral and ethical decision making of physicians and attorneys: the influence of faith across their career lifespans(Texas Tech University, 1999-08) Parsons, Kerri GraceA review of the ethical and moral development literature suggested that specific factors, such as age, education, faith, and well-being may be determinants of moral development. The literature also showed that the ethical and moral judgment of professionals has rarely been examined. Nor has the literature examined extensively the role faith plays in the professional's process of ethical and moral decision making. The present study surveyed a sample of adult professionals, physicians and attorneys to determine what factors were predictive of ethical and moral decision making. The specific role that faith plays was assessed. Physicians and attorneys were assessed to determine any differences that might exist in ethical and moral decision making or in the faith role between the professions. A demographic questionnaire and measures of moral development, faith development, general well-being, spiritual well-being, intrinsic and extrinsic faith, and the daily spiritual experience were used to obtain this information. Results from this study revealed that age, education, well-being, and faith were not predictive of ethical and moral decision making. Surprisingly, physicians reported high in extrinsic faith and attorneys reported high intrinsic faith.Item The relationship between religious rules and the moral judgments of more religious and less religious Turkish Muslims(2007-12) Kuyel, Nilay Behice, 1970-; Neff, KristinNucci and Turiel (1993) have demonstrated that conservative Christians and Jews judge moral issues in terms of justice, rights, and human welfare considerations, and do not solely rely on religious precepts in their moral reasoning. The purpose of this study was to examine whether Turkish Muslims' moral reasoning is also relatively independent of religious prescriptions. Using Turiel's (1983) Domain Theory, the study investigated similarities and differences in the reasoning of more religious and less religious Turks on a variety of moral issues addressed by the Qur'an (a father forcing his daughter to marry someone without her express approval, abortion, homosexuality, adultery, testifying falsely in court, polygamy). The study also investigated whether Turkish Muslims associate harmful and unjust behaviors [e.g., violating others' rights, hurting others (physically or psychologically)], which are considered grave sins in Islam (5:8) (Hashmi, 2002), with God's most severe punishment. The study included 49 less religious Turkish students (20 males 29 females) and 49 more religious Turkish students (23 males 26 females), 18 years of age or older. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire containing six stories. Results were analyzed using a combination of Chi-Square and ANOVA techniques. Findings largely supported the proposition of Domain Theory (Turiel, 1983) that all individuals use moral reasoning that is in part based on justice and rights concerns, even highly religious individuals. The reasoning of more religious participants was mixed between moral and religious concerns. Moral concerns dominated their reasoning when considering forcing a daughter to marry or polygamy, while religious considerations dominated their reasoning for the issue of homosexuality only. The majority of less religious participants judged the issues in terms of justice, rights, and human welfare considerations, rather than on religious precepts. Also, the majority of all participants indicated that God punishes most those who violate others' rights and who harm others. This suggests that Turkish Muslims consistently value principles of justice, rights and welfare when considering moral issues, regardless of religious orientation.