Browsing by Subject "Polyphenol"
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Item The dose dependent effects of polyphenol supplementation on inflammatory markers following eccentric exercise(2012-05) Christmas, Kevin Michael; Coyle, Edward F., 1952-; Brothers, Matthew R.Unaccustomed eccentric exercise can lead to decreases in muscle force production, increases in soreness, swelling, stiffness, and discomfort. The purpose of this study was to test the dose response of pomegranate juice concentrate on serum markers of muscle permeability, inflammation, and total anti-oxidant status. To test this hypothesis, 45 healthy recreationally active males (22.3 ± 0.5 y, 73.8 ± 1.71 kg, 174.9 ± 0.9 cm) were recruited from the local Austin community for participation in this study. Subjects were disqualified from participation in the study if in the past 6 months they were engaged in an exercise training program. Subjects were placed into either the placebo group, the once-daily, or twice-daily pomegranate juice concentrate supplementation group. Subjects performed a total of 8 days of supplementation. On day 4, all subjects came to the laboratory and underwent an eccentric exercise protocol consisting of 2 minutes of downhill running at -10% grade at 7.5 mph repeated 10 times, resulting in ~20 minutes of total downhill running. Thereafter, subjects performed 50 eccentric elbow extensions each lasting 5 seconds using a weight equal to their concentric one-repetition maximum. Blood measures were made pre-exercise (baseline), and 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post exercise and analyzed for interleukin-6, creatine kinase, myoglobin, and total anti-oxidant status. Creatine kinase was significantly elevated at 96 hours post exercise, but with no significant differences between treatments. Myoglobin was significantly elevated above baseline at 2 and 96 hours, but with no differences between treatments. There was no effect for time or treatment on the total anti-oxidant status of the serum. Il-6 was significantly higher at 2 and 24 hours after exercise, but with no difference between treatments. The percent increase in interleukin-6 from baseline was significantly lower in the twice-daily POM supplementation group versus placebo (124.3 ± 9.4, 188.6 ± 16.0% of baseline; respectively) during the 2-96 hours following eccentric exercise, but no statistical difference between 1x and 2x or 1x and placebo was observed. This suggests that 8 days of supplementation with pomegranate juice concentrate twice a day significantly reduces the percent increase in a marker of inflammation (interleukin-6) during the 96 hours following eccentric exercise; however, neither supplement was different than the placebo in regards to all other measures.Item Polyphenol-induced Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities in Breast and Colon Cancer: Potential Role of miRNA's in Cell Survival and Inflammation(2013-12-11) Banerjee, NiveditaCancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Hence, there is a great need to develop novel therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of cancer in addition to conventional therapies. Dietary polyphenols are known to be effective in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Particularly in carcinogenesis, polyphenols are known to suppress cancer growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated that polyphenolics, ellagitannins, gallotannins, and chlorogenic acid from pomegranate, mango, and plum juice, respectively, are potent inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as well as decrease inflammation in vitro and vivo. The therapeutically relevant compounds in pomegranate are pelagic acid, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and 3-glucosides/3,5-diglucosides of the anthocyanins delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin that exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities in vitro and vivo. Mango pulp extract contains gallotannins, gallic acid, galloyl glycosides, and flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, which showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Chlorogenic acid and neo-chlorogenic acid are contained in plum juice and are also known to function as chemoprevention and chemotherapeutic agents. The overall objective of this work was to investigate the underlying anti- inflammatory and cytotoxic mechanisms involving miR-27a-ZBTB10-Sp and miR-155- SHIP-1-PI3K axes, miR126-VCAM-1, miR126-PI3K/AKT-mTOR and miR143/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axes in polyphenol-mediated anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities in vitro and vivo. Pomegranate and Mango polyphenols exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiproliferative activities in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenols inhibited cell proliferation of breast cancer cell line BT474 and suppressed tumor growth in athymic BALB/c nude mice with BT474 xenografts. Interactions of Pg with miR-27a- ZBTB10-Sp and miR-155-SHIP-1-PI3K axes and mango miR126/PI3K/AKT axis were identified. In addition, pomegranate and plum polyphenols exerted cytotoxic and anti- inflammatory effects in azoxymethane AOM-treated rats and colon cancer cells. Interactions of Pg with miR126/VCAM-1 and miR126/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axes and plum with miR143/PI3K/AKT/mTOR were identified as mechanisms that at least in part appear to be involved in the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of pomegranate and plum polyphenolics. The presented research was conducted in order to understand the efficacy of polyphenols present in pomegranate, mango and plum and their underlying molecular mechanisms in different cancer models.