Browsing by Subject "Performance anxiety"
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Item Connecting two anxiety constructs: an interdisciplinary study of foreign language anxiety and interpretation anxiety(2006) Chiang, Yung-nan; Horwitz, Elaine; Schallert, Diane L.In this study, the construct of interpretation anxiety is introduced and distinguished from foreign language anxiety. Quantitatively investigated were the scope, severity, underlying structure of, and relationship between foreign language anxiety and interpretation anxiety. In addition, the relative associations of these two constructs with interpretation achievement were compared to the associations of general anxiety variables. Qualitatively examined were the sources and effects of interpretation anxiety. A total of 327 Taiwanese university students learning Mandarin-English interpretation responded to a survey. The survey consisted of five instruments, including the Interpretation Classroom Anxiety Scale (ICAS), a new instrument developed for this study, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), and a background questionnaire. The participants’ achievement was measured by their mid-term exam scores and semester-end course grades. For the qualitative component, 10 students participated in interviews asking them about their thoughts and emotions in interpretation classes. The quantitative findings showed that interpretation students’ foreign language anxiety was similar to that of general L2 learners in severity and scope, and their interpretation anxiety was both significantly more severe and more prevalent than their foreign language anxiety. Two factors comprised the FLCAS (Communication and Negative Evaluation Anxiety and Worry about Failing English Class), and three factors comprised the ICAS (Fear of Interpretation Class and Negative Evaluation, Cognitive Processing Anxiety, and Low Self-Confidence in Interpretation). Interpretation anxiety and foreign language anxiety were two distinct but related psychological phenomena. In addition, interpretation anxiety and foreign language anxiety had significant negative relationships with interpretation achievement and emerged as significant predictors of learning outcomes, but state and trait anxiety did not. The qualitative analysis of the interview data yielded five major sources and four main effects of interpretation anxiety. The five major sources included speaker variables, audience variables, self variables, task variables, and classroom procedures variables. The four main consequences of interpretation anxiety included physiological effects, life routines effects, cognitive effects, and beyond-classroom effects.Item Examining the experience of performance anxiety and cognitive load by medical residents in a simulation(2016-12) Ellis, Robert Williams; Schallert, Diane L.; Svinicki, Marilla D., 1946-; Carlson, Cindy; Falbo, Toni L; Taxis, Jean CMedical education increasingly incorporates simulations as a method of instruction, but further research about simulation development, use, and efficacy remains necessary. This study, which took place in a teaching hospital, surveyed medical residents on an Internal Medicine rotation about the experience of performance anxiety and cognitive load during a simulation exercise. Statistical significance was discovered in the means of self-reported performance anxiety pre- to post-simulation, and the factor of cognitive load was found to have a moderate correlation with post-simulation performance anxiety, though caution should be exercised considering the statistics owing to small sample size. A physician-faculty member and a resident nurse reported observations about the simulation exercises and the residents, highlighting questions of standardization of simulation use, the role of simulations as a curriculum component in medical education, and the importance of communication during simulation. Future areas of research are recommended for factors such as refinement of cognitive load measures, multiple cognitive load measure types, and the presence of additional factors in simulation experience such as demographic variation. Suggestions for practice include customization of simulations for specific learning environments, populations, and goals, as well as increasing emphasis on simulation for training in both medical content knowledge and social and psychological interaction.Item The experimental effects of pill attribution on sexual performance anxiety and subsequent erectile performance(2013-08) Pujols, Yasisca; Telch, Michael JosephErectile performance anxiety (EPA) is a subset of sexual anxiety characterized by a fear of erectile failure. EPA has been shown to play a pivotal role in male sexual problems including premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction (Loudon, 1998; Perelman, 2006). EPA affects approximately 14% to 23% of U.S. men across age groups (Laumann, Paik, & Rosen, 1999), and is the most common proximal cause of psychogenic ED (Hale & Strassberg, 1990; Hedon, 2003; Perelman, 1994; Rosen, 2001). Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil citrate (brand-name Viagra) are the first line of pharmacological treatment for ED. Recreational use of PDE5 inhibitors -- defined as unprescribed use with the goal of sexual enhancement and prevention of erectile failure among men without clinically significant erectile difficulties. Approximately 13.4% of young men between the ages of 18 - 30 report using PDE5 inhibitors recreationally. The most commonly reported reason for off-prescription use is to enhance one's sexual performance, i.e., longer lasting erections or impress one's sexual partner (Bechara, Casabe, De Bonis, Helien, & Bertolino, 2010; Harte & Meston, 2011; Holt, 2009; Korkes, Costa-Matos, Gasperini, Reginato, & Perez, 2008; Musacchio, Hartrich, & Garofalo, 2006). Reducing anxiety -- specifically EPA is often given as a reason for recreational use, though to a lesser extent (Korkes et al., 2008; Schnetzler, Banks, Kirby, Zou, & Symonds, 2010). However, PDE5 inhibitors do not exert a significant increase in penile tumescence among men without erectile dysfunction (Mondaini et al., 2008). The actual sexual enhancement from recreational use of PDE5 inhibitors among this population would be limited in that blood flow to the healthy erectile tissue is already optimal. The proposed study aimed to examine the effects of an erection-enhancing pill description misattribution on anticipatory anxiety and subsequent subjective and physiological sexual response to an audiovisual erotic stimulus. Participants underwent two assessments of their subjective and physiological arousal response to an erotic film after randomization to one of three conditions (erection-enhancing pill description, memory-enhancing pill description, or a no pill control). It was hypothesized that compared to those in the memory-enhancing pill group and the no pill control group, participants in the erection-enhancing pill group would respond with greater anticipatory anxiety and dampened penile tumescence in response to a subsequent no-pill erotic film presentation. Results of the study provided partial support for the hypothesized negative effects of the pill attribution manipulation. In the subset of subjects with complete pre and post-manipulation physiological data, those led to believe they ingested an erectile-enhancing herb showed a dampening of erectile tumescence to a subsequent erotic film presentation. Also, consistent with prediction, erectile performance anxiety was associated with decreased tumescence after the bogus "average" erectile performance feedback compared to baseline. These findings suggest that pill attribution may influence sexual arousal to some extent, despite methodological issues such as partial physiological data loss and believability of the pill instructional set manipulation.Item Stage fright : exploring performance anxiety in an MFA professional acting program(2013-05) Reese, Christopher Jermaine; Christian, PamelaAlthough the topic is rarely discussed, performance anxiety is a debilitating condition that sometimes even successful actors face. This thesis chronicles my experience dealing with performance anxiety in four productions as an actor in the M.F.A. acting program at The University of Texas at Austin. It includes an overview of research on the topic and calls for additional study from researchers of psychological disorders and practitioners of the acting craft.