Browsing by Subject "Older people"
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Item A descriptive study of older adults identifying their Jungian psychological traits: implications for colleges and universities(Texas Tech University, 1993-08) Ackall, Gail WagonerThis study was undertaken to determine the personality types in a group of older adults. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was administered to 161 people 70 years of age and older, and their personality preferences were determined. The personality preferences were then compared to a base population of 48,384 college students. Based on Dr. Carl Gustav Jung's book Psychological Types (1923), the MBTI is a personality profile often utilized in education to help educators understand motivation, aptitude and achievement in various students (Myers & McCaulley, 1985). Understanding the behavior and attitudes of older adults will help administrators, educational planners, faculty and ancillary personnel facilitate the learning climate for older learners.Item An analysis of long-term care(Texas Tech University, 2003-08) Castro, Kristina J.Long-term care of the elderly has been an important issue for many years. Some of the concerns include analyzing the factors attributing to disabiUty in older age, analyzing the quaUty of care, and investigating different scenarios of care. Some research has been targeted at investigating the social, demographic, and behavioral effects that contribute to the emotional, physical, and cognhive state of the elderly person. Epidemiological and demographic studies have been conducted to understand the origins, risk factors, incidences and prevalence of disease and disabilities among the elderly population (Butler 1994). Long-term care services are those health and social services needed by the disabled and elderly populations. These services have typically been available in nursing homes or hospitals, but recently research has been investigating the effectiveness of offering these services from the community. Community-based long-term care consists of expanded community services including nursing services, home-health aides, personal care services, and housekeeping. Some community-based services also include the use of a case management system in order to better faciUtate long-term care clients with more accurate care and services. The U.S. elderly population (especially those over the age of 85) is predicted to grow, which means that the demand for nursing home beds and public expenditures for long-term care will be increasing. One hope for controlling this increase is to provide community care for the frail elderly with the intent of reducing institutionalization at a facility such as a nursing home (Greene, Lovely, and Ondrich 1992). The objective is to keep those in need of long-term care in their homes and living independently for as long as possible.Item An assisted dwelling facility for the elderly in Lubbock, Texas(Texas Tech University, 1997-12) Kim, Dong-GeunThe architectural window fenestration should optimize the qualitative living circumstances for the elderly in terms of psychological, aesthetic, physical satisfaction by controlling the sun's radiation.Item Correlates of adjustment in an aging population(Texas Tech University, 1961-05) King, Charles DouglasNot availableItem Determination of Attitudes Held by Selected Home and Family Life Students Toward Elderly Persons Through Administration of a Forced Choice Test(Texas Tech University, 1971-08) Price, Luanna DavisNot Available.Item Experimental and expository modes of instruction applied to content pertaining to the elderly: a quasi-experimental study of secondary home economics students in El Paso(Texas Tech University, 1991-05) Fowler, Deborah C.The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of the expository and experiential modes of instruction on adolescents' knowledge of and attitudes toward the elderly. The content was about aging, based on the curriculum module. Enhancing Intergenerational Contact developed by Ralston (1986). For each mode, a unit of instruction, including seven lessons, was developed by the researcher and validated by a panel of experts. The experiential unit of instruction and the instrument were pilot tested the Fall of 1990. The instrument used for the study incorporated: Kogan's Attitude toward Old People Scale; Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz; and Ralston's Experiences with an Older Person. The design utilized three natural groups which made up the two treatment groups and one control group. Treatment or no treatment was randomly assigned to the three groups, then the type of treatment was randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. The treatment consisted of receiving the expository or experiential mode of instruction for a unit taught by the classroom teacher for seven consecutive school days. The three groups were assessed with the pretest administered early November, 1990, and with a posttest administered mid December, 1990, immediately following instruction. The treatment groups were assessed again, in late February, 1991, at the end of the retention interval. Three Home Economics Cooperative Education programs in El Paso, Texas, made up the sample of 121 adolescents: control 41, expository 34, and experiential 46. The groups were determined to have no significant differences on a test of variance. Therefore, the analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance, t-test, and paired t-test were used to compare the means of the groups. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used to determine test-retest reliability of the results of each section of the instrument, as well as determine to relationships between independent and dependent variables. The significant findings were: (1) Instruction effected knowledge; (2) Experiential instruction was superior in the acquisition and retention of knowledge; and (3) Shared experiences with the elderly effected knowledge of the elderly. The researcher recommended replication of the study with other populations.Item Objective validation of a nutrition screening instrument in two rural communities(Texas Tech University, 1995-05) Bonilla, Joseph C.The Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) developed an instrument, the "Determine Your Nutritional Health" checklist, to identify the presence of risk factors for malnutrition among the elderly while promoting education about these risk factors. The purpose of this study was to validate the instrument's determination of nutritional risk against recognized anthropometric, biochemical, and physical indicators of malnutrition. Data were collected in two rural communities, one with a physician-ttaffed clinic and one with a small acutecare hospital/clinic. Free-living participants responded to a 43-item expansion of the Determine checklist and a nutrient specific food frequency measuring adherence to the Food Guide Pyramid and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. A total of 119 subjects were interviewed, of which 89 (74.8%) agreed to have anthropometric measurements, a fasting blood draw, and a physical examination for clinical indicators of malnutrition. The mean age of the seniors who completed the study (61 females, 28 males) was 73.6 years, ranging from 58 to 89 years. Mean nutritional risk score by the Determine checklist was 4.58, which is within the moderate nutritional risk range (3 to 5). Mean scores for the clinic (4.22) and the hospital/clinic (4.98) communities did not significantly differ. The Determine checklist identified 78.6% (70 of 89) at nutritional risk. Correlation analysis showed that Determine score had limited association only with hemo^obin status (R=.2377, p=.0249) and glucose status (R=.2259, £=.0333). Internal reliability of the food frequency was acceptable (a=0.7375). Analysis of eating habits showed subjects ate foodshigh in sugar, sodium, fat, and fiber 1 to 2 times weekly, but reported low compliance with eating the recommended daily number of servings of foods from the bread and dairy groups. The "Determine Your Nutritional Health" checklist and the food frequency used in this study may be useful in identifying individual risk factors of nutritional health and eating habits associated with the Food Guide Pyramid and Dietary Guidelines for Americans, educating senior citizens, and directing them to appropriate social, medical, and nutritional services. However, the Determine checklist was found to have limited association with accepted objective measures of nutritional status among senior participants.Item Old age in the short story: state of mind and metaphor(Texas Tech University, 1965-05) Cooper, Shirley RuddellNot availableItem Psychological well-being of siblings in late adulthood(Texas Tech University, 1998-08) Morelock, Catherine N.Equity theory was applied to explore (a) the relationship between overall, affective, and instrumental support equity and psychological well being and (b) the relationship between sibling role performance and overall relationship equity in a sample of older adult siblings. The effect of sibling gender on psychological well being was also examined. The sample used for the study was drawn from Generation 1 and Generation 2 of the Longitudinal Study of Generations at Time 5 (1994). The analyses of covariance revealed no significant differences in psychological well being by relationship equity. However, the results showed a systematic pattern which was in the predicted direction. Subjects who maintained equitable relationships in terms of affective and overall support had higher psychological well being scores when compared to subjects in over or underbenefited relationships. Subjects in equitable relationships rated their sibling role performance as higher than those in inequitable relationships, but the difference was not statistically significant. Sibling gender had no effect on psychological well being. Study strengths, limitations, and directions for future research were discussed.Item Tax preferences, fairness, and the elderly: a comparative analysis of tax liabilities(Texas Tech University, 1991-05) Stitts, Randal H.In recent years, there has been a growing debate about the extent to which our elderly citizens pay federal income taxes in relation to the remainder of the population. The rapid growth of the elderly population and the accompanying growth in federal expenditures on their behalf lead some tax policy makers to call for increased burden-sharing by the elderly. In 1989, the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act increased federal income taxes for most people over the age of sixty-five. The act was quickly repealed, however, amid charges that the elderly were being forced to pay an unfair share of the total tax burden. The primary purpose of this research was to determine if the average tax liabilities of elderly individuals differ from non-elderly individuals controlling for differences in economic or expanded income. Panel data from an Internal Revenue Service random sample of taxpayers for 1979 through 1984 was used to simulate the tax law for 1989. The primary research question was addressed for both 1984 and 1989. In addition, data from this panel was used to determine if the elderly differ significantly from the non-elderly in terms of their source of income and types of deductions. Finally, this research examined the impact of two alternative tax proposals on the federal income tax liabilities of the elderly in relation to the nonelderly.Item The contact hypothesis and the effects of intergenerational contact on adolescents' attitudes and stereotypes toward older people(Texas Tech University, 1997-08) Meshel, David SolThe literature reviewing the efficacy of intergenerational programs to promote more positive attitudes and stereotypes regarding older persons and the aging process has resulted in contradictory findings. These discrepant findings are due in part to a lack of consistency in how constructs are operationalized and measured as well as a lack of careful consideration of the intergenerational context. In an effort to remedy the above concerns, the present study carefully operationalized constructs and adopted the principles of the contact hypothesis to inform and structure a cross-age program. In a pretest-posttest design, 63 adolescents (age 11 to 13) were recruited from a public middle school in a Midwestern state and randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (cross-age contact, didactic instruction, and control). Adolescents' global attitudes and stereotypes regarding older persons as well as their life satisfaction were assessed. Overall, adolescents demonstrated positive attitudes toward older people. Relative to the control group, the attitudes in the contact group became more positive. Older person's attitudes toward younger people also became more positive.Item The effect of activity therapy as a treatment for disengaged community-residing elderly persons.(Texas Tech University, 1975-05) Harris, John EwingNot available