Browsing by Subject "Nonlinear analysis"
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Item Modeling the post shear failure behavior of reinforced concrete columns(2012-05) LeBorgne, Matthew Ronald; Ghannoum, Wassim M.; Wood, Sharon L.; Aggarwal, J K.; Bayrak, Oguzhan; Jirsa, James O.Numerous reinforced concrete buildings vulnerable to earthquake induced collapse have been constructed in seismic zones prior to the 1970s. A major contributor to building collapse is the loss of axial load carrying capacity in non-seismically detailed columns. Experimental investigations have shown that non-seismically detailed columns will only experience axial failure after shear failure and subsequent lateral shear strength degradation have occurred. Therefore, column shear failure and degrading behavior must be modeled accurately before axial collapse algorithms can be properly implemented. Furthermore, accurate modeling of the degrading lateral-load behavior of columns is needed if lateral load sharing between structural elements is to be assessed with reasonable accuracy during seismic analyses. A calibrated analytical model was developed that is capable of estimating the lateral strength degrading behavior of RC columns prone to shear failure. Existing analytical models poorly approximate nonlinear column behavior and require several nonphysical damage parameters to be defined. In contrast, the proposed calibrated model provides the engineering community with a valuable tool that only requires the input of column material and geometric properties to simulate column behavior up to loss of lateral strength. In developing the model, a database of RC columns was compiled. Parameters extracted from database column-tests were scrutinized for trends and regression models relating damage parameters to column physical properties and boundary conditions were produced. The regression models were implemented in the degrading analytical framework that was developed in this project. Two reinforced concrete columns exhibiting significant inelastic deformations prior to failing in shear were tested in support of the analytical work. A newly developed Vision System was used to track a grid of targets on the column face with a resolution of three-thousands of an inch. Surface column deformations were measured to further the understanding of the fundamental changes in column behavior that accompany shear and axial failure and validate the proposed analytical model. This research provides the engineering community with an analytical tool that can be used to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis of buildings that are at risk of collapse and help engineers improve retrofit techniques. Further insight into shear behavior attained through this project is an important step toward the development of better shear and axial degradation models for reinforced concrete columns.Item Procedures to rehabilitate extremely damaged concrete members using innovative materials and devices(2013-12) Huaco Cárdenas, Guillermo David; Jirsa, J. O. (James Otis)Using innovative materials or devices in techniques for strengthening or repair of RC concrete members may provide interesting alternatives for structural engineers. Laboratory tests were conducted on full scale reinforced concrete columns and a masonry wall that suffered severe damage. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer - CFRP sheets and anchors were used to improve shear capacity or ductility elements. CFRP jacket were installed on column hinge regions while diagonal ties (tension braces) were used on the masonry wall. Mechanical splices were used in columns where concrete crushed and bars buckled by replacing the buckled bars and providing continuity to the longitudinal reinforcement. It was found that performance of the retrofitted members was comparable to that using conventional techniques and the performance was generally better than certain “fast” retrofit procedures reported in the literature. The choice of technique depends on the degree of damage, the cost of replacement, and performance required. Having the results of cyclic load tests of rehabilitated concrete members, envelope or backbone curves were obtained following the ASCE41-07 and proposed ASCE41-13 procedures. The backbone curves were used to develop behavioral models that can be used in the analysis and design of those types of concrete members and retrofit procedures. The inclusion of the behavioral models into current Performance Based Seismic Design procedures for strengthening of existing or repaired damaged buildings is proposed.Item Seismic Interstory Drift Demands in Steel Friction Damped Braced Buildings(2010-01-16) Peternell Altamira, Luis E.In the last 35 years, several researchers have proposed, developed and tested different friction devices for seismic control of structures. Their research has demonstrated that such devices are simple, economical, practical, durable and very effective. However, research on passive friction dampers, except for few instances, has not been given appropriate attention lately. This has caused some of the results of old studies to become out-of-date, lose their validity in the context of today's design philosophies or to fall short on the expectations of this century's structural engineering. An analytical study on the behavior of friction devices and the effect they have on the structures into which they are incorporated has been undertaken to address the new design trends, codes, evaluation criteria and needs of today's society. The present study consists of around 7,000 structural analyses that are used to show the excellent seismic performance and economic advantages of Friction Damped Braced Frames. It serves, at the same time, to improve our understanding on their dynamic behavior. Finally, this thesis also sets the basis for future research on the application of this type of seismic energy dissipating systems.Item Simplified modeling for assessing collapse resistance of steel gravity frames with composite floor systems(2014-05) Oksuz, Umit Can; Williamson, Eric B., 1968-; Engelhardt, Michael D.Progressive collapse is a structural failure that is initiated by the failure of a primary structural member due to manmade or natural reasons and causes a disproportionately large portion of the structure to damage and/or collapse. This thesis is focused on the computational assessment of the performance of steel gravity frames with composite floor systems under column loss scenarios. The ultimate goal is to provide step-by-step guidance to practicing civil/structural engineers on modeling and analyzing full-size structures by using simple structural analysis software with the purpose of determining progressive collapse resistance. In this research project, a steel frame structure with simple framing connections and a composite floor system was tested, modeled, and analyzed under an interior column loss scenario. For the computational analysis part of the research, a simplified modeling approach was developed and verified by comparing the analysis results with detailed finite element model results and available experimental data. Next, the test specimen was modeled with the proposed approach using the SAP2000 software, and an analysis was performed. Results of the analysis were compared with the test data to verify that the model accurately simulates the measured behavior of the structure. In the end, it was concluded that steel gravity frame structures with composite floor systems can be accurately simulated by using the proposed simplified modeling approach up to the point of first element failure. Moreover, it was shown that practicing civil/structural engineers can do quick and simple checks for their structure’s ability to resist progressive collapse by using the methods and approaches that are described in this thesis.