Browsing by Subject "Muscle strength."
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Item The effects of a 12-week resistance training program combined with casein or whey protein supplementation on body composition, muscle strength, and markers of satellite cell activation in older males.(2010-10-08T16:12:13Z) Allison, Annie G.; Cooke, Matthew B.; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.Resistance training and protein supplementation have been shown to increase muscle mass and strength, and thus may be an effective method to combat muscle wasting (sarcopenia) that occurs with aging. Thirty-six males (62.5 yrs, 177 cm and 95.25 kg) were randomly assigned to ingest either whey isolate protein, casein protein or carbohydrate while participating in a 12-week high intensity resistance training program. Resistance training increased both upper and lower body strength, body mass and lean muscle mass while decreasing body fat percentage. However, no effects from training were observed on serum anabolic hormones and indirect markers of satellite cell activation. A trend towards significantly higher lower body strength was observed in the whey isolate (p=0.053) and casein (p=0.086) groups, respectively, compared to carbohydrate placebo group. The present study suggests protein supplementation in conjunction with high intensity resistance training may be important in combating sarcopenia.Item The effects of a creatine supplement formulation containing cinnamon extract on creatine uptake, creatine transporter expression, insulin signaling, and muscle performance in males.(2007-12-03T21:48:27Z) Schoch, Ryan D.; Willoughby, Darryn Scott, 1963-; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular ingested nutritional supplements used for its potential to enhance athletic performance. Numerous creatine formulations have been developed to maximize creatine absorption, and may also provide a means to either partially bypass or up-regulate the function of creatine transporter-1 (CreaT1). Cinnamon extract (Cinnulin) has been observed to mimic the effects of insulin, thereby up-regulating glucose uptake and insulin signaling. This study examined how a seven-week supplementation regimen with creatine monohydrate combined with Cinnulin (CCI), creatine monohydrate (CR), or placebo (PLA) affected physiological and molecular adaptations in nonresistance-trained males following a prescribed resistance-training program. Results demonstrated that Cinnulin combined with creatine monohydrate elicited greater mean increases in relative 1-RM leg press, thigh lean mass, body water, and total Akt protein content when compared to creatine monohydrate alone, or placebo; however, intramuscular creatine increases between the CCI and CR groups demonstrated no significant differences.Item The effects of combined creatine monohydrate supplementation and resistance training on body composition, muscle strength, and markers of satellite cell activity in older males.(2009-08-26T10:48:17Z) Brabham, Brian.; Cooke, Matthew B.; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.Aging is associated with gradual loss of muscle mass, termed sarcopenia, which often leads to progressive disability and loss of independence. Though resistance exercise has shown to be an effective method at reducing the rate of age-related muscle loss and decline in force output; when combined with well known muscle building agents [such as creatine monohydrate (CrM)], these training-induced improvements are enhanced. To explore this idea further, a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 20 males aged between 55-75 yrs at Baylor University, Waco TX. Particpants were randomly assigned to consume either CrM [20g/d CrM + 5g Carbohydrate (CHO) x 7 days, then 5g/d CrM +5g CHO x 77 days] or carbohydrate placebo (20g/d CHO x 7 days, then 5g/d CHO x 77 days) while participating in a high intensity resistance training program (3 sets x 10 repetitions at 75% of 1RM), 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Testing sessions were complete prior to, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post resistance training and supplementation. Each testing session included body composition measurement as determined by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), muscle strength measurement as determined by 1 repetition maximum (RM) on leg press and bench press, blood collection and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy. The blood serum was analyzed for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), free testosterone and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the muscle tissue for phophorylated mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5, MRF-4), and total myofibrillar protein. A significant time effect was observed for 1RM bench press (p=0.016), leg press (p<0.05), body mass (p=0.030) and fat free mass (p=0.005), HGF (p<0.001), phosphorylated c-Met concentration (p=0.008), myogenic regulatory factors Myf-5 (p<0.001) and myogenin (p<0.001), and total myofibrillar protein (p=0.005). A significant group (p=0.040) and group by time interaction (p=0.023) was revealed for MRF-4, suggesting CrM supplementation significantly increased MRF-4 following 12 weeks of resistance training. Notwithstanding, results from the current study suggest that CrM supplementation, when combined with 12-weeks of high intensity resistance training does not enhance body composition, muscle strength, and biochemical mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy compared to resistance training alone.Item The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition, muscle mass and performance, and intramuscular creatine uptake in males.(2008-12-01T16:56:29Z) Spillane, Mike.; Willoughby, Darryn Scott, 1963-; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular ingested nutritional supplements due to its potential enhancement of athletic performance. Creatine absorption from the serum into skeletal muscle occurs through the utilization of a membrane-spanning protein, CreaT1. Numerous creatine formulations have been developed primarily to maximize creatine absorption. Creatine ethyl ester (CEE) has been chemically modified by adding an ester group and is thought to increase creatine bio-availability by by-passing the CreaT1. This study examined how a seven week supplementation regimen with CEE affected body composition, muscle mass and performance, whole body creatine retention, as well physiological and molecular adaptations, associated with creatine uptake in nonresistance-trained males following a resistance-training program. Results demonstrated that CEE did not show any additional benefit to increases in muscle strength/performance or a significant increase in total muscle creatine when compared to creatine monohydrate or placebo. CEE supplementation did show a large increase in creatinine levels throughout the study.