Browsing by Subject "Mineral physics"
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Item Elasticity of single-crystal iron-bearing pyrope to 20 GPa and 750 K(2012-05) Lu, Chang; Lin, Jung-Fu; Grand, Stephen P.; Lassiter, John C.Elastic properties of the major constituent minerals in the Earth’s upper mantle at relevant high pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are crucial for understanding the composition and seismic velocity structures of the region. In this study, we have measured the single-crystal elasticity of natural Fe-bearing pyrope, Mg2.04Fe0.74Ca0.16Mn0.05Al2Si3O12, using in situ Brillouin spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction at simultaneous high P-T conditions up to 20 GPa and 750 K in an externally-heated diamond anvil cell. The derived aggregate adiabatic bulk and shear modulus (KS0, G0) at ambient conditions are 168.2 (±1.8) GPa and 92.1 (±1.1) GPa, respectively, consistent with literature results. Using the third-order Eulerian finite-strain equation to fit the high P-T data, the derived pressure derivative of the bulk and shear moduli at constant temperature are (∂KS/∂P)T=4.4 (±0.1) and (∂G/∂P)T=1.2 (±0.1), respectively. Applying these pressure derivatives, the temperature derivative of these moduli at constant pressure are also calculated, yielding (∂KS/∂T)P=-18.5(±1.3) MPa/K and (∂G/∂T)P=-5.2(±1.1) MPa/K, respectively. Compared to literature values, our results show that addition of 25% Fe in pyrope increases the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus by 7%, but has a negligible effect on other elastic parameters. Extrapolation of our results shows that Fe-bearing pyrope remains almost elastically isotropic at relevant P-T conditions of the upper mantle, indicating that it may not have a significant contribution to seismic Vp and Vs anisotropy in the upper mantle. Together with the elasticity of olivine and pyroxene minerals in the upper mantle, we have constructed new velocity profiles for two representative compositional models, pyrolite and piclogite, along Earth’s upper mantle geotherm. These velocity models show Vs profiles consistent with seismic observations, although Vp profiles are slightly lower than in seismic models.Item Single-crystal elasticity of the lower-mantle ferropericlase (Mg0.92Fe0.08)O(2014-05) Tong, Xinyue; Lin, Jung-FuThis study focuses on investigating the effect of the electronic spin transition of iron on the elasticity of the candidate lower mantle ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O. This may be relevant to our understanding of the seismic velocity structures of the Earth’s lower mantle. The elastic constants of (Mg₀.₉₂Fe₀.₀₈)O at high-spin (HS) state, low-spin (LS) state, and through the pressure-induced HS-to-LS transition has been measured using both Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) and Impulsive Stimulated Scattering (ISS). There is a large pressure range in which c₁₁ and c₁₂ exhibit a softening, while c₄₄ does not register such an anomaly. Compared with previously published data of ferropericlase with similar compositions ([Marquardt et al., 2009b], BLS measurement of (Mg₀.₉Fe₀.₁)O and [Crowhurst et al., 2008], ISS measurement of (Mg₀.₉₄Fe₀.₀₆)O), this study provides more reliable elastic constants measurements by taking the advantage of simultaneous measurements on Vp and Vs using both BLS and ISS. Our results show that bulk sound velocity of ferropericlase has a large but smooth softening in the spin transition pressure region. The elastic constants of ferropericlase at the spin transition region and the LS state have been well studied in this thesis, and a relaxation behavior has also been observed in this study. Those two subjects are not well documented in literature. The temperature effect of the spin state transition and its consequential effect on mineral’s elastic properties have not been studied in this project, but further research on this subject will follow. However, even in the room temperature, our results don’t show sudden changes in seismic velocities. Moreover, current theoretical and experimental studies [Sturhahn et al., 2005, Tsuchiya et al., 2006, Lin et al., 2007] indicate that the spin transition takes place over an extended range of depth along an expected lower-mantle geotherm, where sudden changes in compressional and bulk sound velocity are not expected.