Browsing by Subject "Microencapsulation"
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Item Development of functional multivitamin microcapsule to be utilized in a ready-to-eat meat product.(2011-05-25T18:29:06Z) Foote, Kaci L.; Foote, Kaci Lee; Musgrove,Laurence E.; Thompson, Leslie D.; Branham, Loree A.; Braden, Kirk W.; Angelo State University. Department of Agriculture.The objective of this study was to develop a multivitamin microcapsule to be utilized in a ready-to-eat (RTE) meat product. Commercial (COM) and laboratory (LAB) multivitamin microcapsules were implemented in a standard frankfurter formulation to produce a functional food. The control (CON) treatment consisted of the standard frankfurter formulation.Two trials (n = 20 / treatment / trial) were evaluated for sensory characteristics using a trained sensory panel and thiamine levels using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). While treatment did not have an effect on evaluated sensory characteristics (P > 0.05), an increase in display day (dd) aging increased cooking loss in Trial A. However, in Trial B, LAB and COM treatments had higher cooking loss (P < 0.0001) than CON; average initial juiciness scores increased depending on treatment (P = 0.04). Average initial and sustained tenderness in Trial B was dependent on dd with tenderness increasing throughout the aging intervals (P < 0.0001, 0.0002, respectively). Flavor intensity and off-flavor were not dependent on treatment or dd (P > 0.05) for both trials. In Trial A, overall acceptability was dependent on dd (P = 0.0004) with values ranging from a high in dd 1 (7.12 0.10) to a low in dd 16 (6.47 0.10). In Trial B, there were no differences in overall acceptability (P > 0.05). Thiamine levels were independent of trt, dd and trt x dd when analyzed by HPLC. Multivitamin microcapsule treatments did not have an effect on sensory characteristics when added to ready-to-eat meat products. Thus, multivitamin microcapsules may be added to frankfurter formulations to increase functional properties without adverse affects on sensorial properties.Item Evaluation of microencapsulation as an improved vaccination strategy against brucellosis(2009-05-15) Arenas Gamboa, Angela MariaBrucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. Despite the availability of live vaccine strains for bovine (S19, RB51) and small ruminants (Rev 1), these vaccines have several drawbacks including residual virulence for animals and humans. Safe and efficacious immunization systems are therefore needed to overcome these disadvantages. Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus mutants in the luxR gene were generated and investigated for theri potential use as improve vaccine candidates. Immunization with a sustained release vehicle to enhance vaccination efficacy was evaluated utilizing the live mutants in encapsulated alginate microspheres containing a non-immunogenic eggshell precursor protein of the parasite Fasciola hepatica (Vitelline protein B, VpB). BALB/c mice were immunized with either encapsulated or nonencapsulated vaccine candidates to evaluate immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy. The results suggest that luxR mutants, are attenuated in the mouse and macrophage model and appear good and safe vaccine candidates when the immunogen is given in a microencapsulated format. We were also able to demonstrate the utility of microencapsulation in oral delivery by increasing vaccine performance of current licensed vaccine strains in a natural host, the Red Deer. Together, these results suggest that microencapsulation of live Brucella produces an enhanced delivery vaccine system against brucellosis increasing the efficacy of poorly-performing nonencapsulated vaccine candidates.Item Supercritical fluid spray processes for microencapsulation and formation of submicron aqueous dispersions of pharmaceutical compounds(2003-12) Young, Timothy John; Johnston, Keith P., 1955-Precipitation with a Compressed Fluid Antisolvent (PCA) and Rapid Expansion from Supercritical Solution (RESS) are two processes based on supercritical fluids that are capable of producing submicron particles. Novel variations of these basic processes have been examined to produce stable particles of various pharmaceutical compounds. PCA is an antisolvent precipitation technique where an organic solution of drug + polymer in solvent is atomized (sprayed) into supercritical (SC) CO₂. Upon liquid mixing, the solute materials precipitate to form microparticles. A Vapor-over-Liquid technique has been used to produce larger, uniform particle sizes of biodegradable polymers. By suspending a protein in the solvent phase, the protein can be encapsulated/coated by the precipitating polymer. RESS is a process by which a homogeneous solution at supercritical conditions is sprayed through an expansion nozzle to atmospheric conditions. The resultant change in phase leads to the precipitation of the solute materials. The production of extremely small particles (<50 nm) have been predicted but rarely demonstrated. Typically, particle growth occurs to form larger (~1 μm) particles. A novel adaptation was developed, dubbed RESAS (Rapid Expansion from Supercritical to Aqueous Solution), wherein the expansion is conducted within an aqueous environment. The aqueous phase can contain surfactant or lipid stabilizers to capture and preserve submicron particles of water-insoluble drug actives in the form of a suspension.