Browsing by Subject "Media"
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Item The 5th wall project : projection design applications for transforming education and medical spaces for youth communities(2015-05) Lord, Patrick William; Ortel, Sven; Alrutz, MeganThis paper and project explore how creative applications of existing design and technology can provide a unique service for children anywhere. This project fuses that technology with a belief that youth communities in education and medical spaces deserve access to artistic experiences. By devising original, immersive story performances with two classes from local Austin schools, The 5th Wall Project has begun to develop a process that facilitates educational engagement, and exposes students to design and art where they live and learn. The intention of this project is to continue beyond the performances and residencies completed and documented in this paper. Future applications, such as the installation of this model into pediatric patient rooms is a primary goal of the project that has yet to be explored, but is an integral motivator in the aforementioned investigation of our process.Item According to a new study : when bad journalism meets questionable science(2013-05) Burnson, Forrest Matthew; Dahlby, Tracy; Gil de Zúñiga, HomeroAccurately reporting scientific studies remains a challenge for journalists. Often lacking any formal background in science, journalists are expected to communicate the complex findings of scientific research in such a way that average readers can understand. As a result, news coverage tends to exaggerate, misrepresent, or sensationalize the findings of scientific studies. This report examines the common errors that journalists make when reporting on scientific studies, as well as the issues in modern scientific research that contribute to this problem. While total scientific literacy in journalism remains a lofty ideal, the democratizing force of the Internet not only holds journalists more accountable in their reporting, but also provides platforms for skeptics and experts to weigh in on the news treatment that studies receive.Item Agenda-setting effect of the media in Bangladesh(2011-12) Shafi, Ashik; Zhang, Weiwu; Seltzer, Trent; Wilkinson, KentonThe agenda-setting effect of the media is one of the most established and widely studied theories of mass communication. Since first outlined in 1972, the theory has been the topic of numerous studies and articles. Mostly the theory has been tested in developed countries. Scholars had previously urged for testing of mass communication theories in developing countries for more universal understanding of the mass media. This thesis studied the agenda-setting theory in Bangladesh as an effort of studying media effects in developing countries. The thesis applied survey and content analysis to collect data. The survey was done in Bangladesh and data was gathered from 418 respondents, while the content analysis gathered data from a sample of the country’s newspapers. In analyzing the results, this study determined the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient and found no evidence of the basic agenda-setting effect of the media. There was no evidence of the agenda-setting effect on audience groups based on different demographics and levels of media usage, interpersonal communication and media credibility either. The thesis concluded that scholars need to study the theory more in developing countries using a variety of research methods and exploring different kinds of conceptual definitions. Theorists also need to take complex social and political scenario of the developing countries needs to into account.Item American capital punishment and the promise of "closure"(2011-05) Dirks, Danielle; Warr, Mark, 1952-Several justifications exist for the death penalty, yet it is only recently that the concept of “closure” has come to serve as a rationale for American capital punishment. This contemporary justification promises murder victims’ families that the execution of their loved one’s murderer should provide them with “closure”—a contested word that typically denotes an end to the pain associated with their loved one’s murder. How and when this new narrative came about has garnered little scholarly attention, particularly as murder victims’ families begin to challenge closure as relevant to their healing. The goals of the current study seek to: 1) elucidate how closure entered the American death penalty debate; 2) illustrate the myriad meanings assigned to closure, identifying how various stakeholders have trafficked in the term’s use; 3) examine how closure has been used politically to legitimize death penalty practices and the state’s right to take life; and 4) critically analyze claims that closure has “symbolically transformed” the American death penalty today. The study employs discursive textual analysis of nearly 2500 American newspaper stories from 1989 to 2008, legislative hearings, legal case histories, academic and popular sources, and archival materials from American death penalty and victims’ rights groups during this twenty year period. The findings illustrate that closure entered death penalty discourse in the late 1980s, and reached a tipping point in news coverage in 2001 with Timothy McVeigh’s execution. While the term was used in nearly every way imaginable, the findings illustrate it was most prominently used in supporting secondary victims’ “right to view” the executions of their loved ones’ murderers and in justifying Timothy McVeigh’s execution for his role in the Oklahoma City Bombing. I argue that the media’s sensational portrayals of such historical moments allowed them to serve as “galvanizing events” ushering in closure as a powerful symbol in justifying the state’s right to take life and the view that executions are a form of “therapeutic justice.” Despite closure being used to support certain death penalty practices, the analyses presented here provide little support for the notion that closure has “symbolically transformed” American capital punishment today as has been suggested by some scholars. Closure is a small blip in print news coverage and does not resonate strongly with Americans’ support for capital punishment in national opinion polls. The study concludes with a critical examination of the role of closure as a contemporary, and empirically unchallenged, justification for the death penalty—one that serves as an empty promise for murder victims’ loved ones.Item An examination of factors considered by the Texas print media on the use of a resource tool(Texas Tech University, 2005-12) Hein, Jessica M.; Akers, Cindy; Davis, Chad S.; Doerfert, DavidThis study sought to determine the impact the CottonLink media resource guide had on the increased coverage of cotton and means of improving industry-provided media resource guides. It also sought to identify newsgathering techniques used and identify the types of articles published and desired by members of the Texas print newspaper media. The population of Texas newspapers was stratified into four groups based on geographic location and publication of cotton-related articles from September 2004 to June 2005; eight participants were drawn from each population sub-set, resulting in a sample of 32. The researcher conducted interviews with participants, using a researcher-designed telephone survey instrument. A total of 26 participants were interviewed. The majority of participants did not recall receiving the CottonLink media resource guide. Participants said they primarily gather information for articles through personal interviews, Internet resources, and the Texas Cooperative Extension. Articles about boll weevils and cotton ginning were the most frequently cited cotton articles published by sample newspapers. Information on new technology or improvements in the cotton industry was cited as the most desired cotton topic for publication. The most frequently published agricultural articles by participants included news and feature articles written by staff writers, Texas Cooperative Extension information, weather information, and meeting and conference information. The most important general news topics to participants were local news and community events, local school news, and local government topics. The most important agricultural news topics included crop harvest articles, weather information, and livestock articles. The most common means of determining article newsworthiness is through topics’ interest and impact and proximity to readers. The most frequently cited means of determining story importance was interest and impact of articles’ topics, followed by attention-grabbing, proximity, and space available. Findings revealed that participants want source contact information and localized information included in media resource guides. The most desired format for information dissemination is though the Internet, press packets or binded copy, or e-mail. Participants said media resource guides were useful because they provide useful, hard-to-access information and story ideas. They also stated media resource guides were not used because of a lack of local information. A selected sample of newspapers chose not to publish cotton-related information said this decision was due to the fact that cotton is not a locally grown crop. Most participants whose newspapers did not publish cotton-related articles from September 2004 to June 2005 said access to resources may enhance publication rates. The most frequent suggestion to improve cotton news coverage was to localize information. Recommendations resulting from this study included suggestions for formatting and distributing media resource guides, providing editors with story ideas at strategic times of the year to increase coverage, providing local source training, and additional research regarding information sources, reporting behaviors, actual determination of newsworthiness, and journalists’ abilities to effectively communicate about the science of agriculture.Item An examination of factors considered by the Texas print media on the use of a resource tool(2005-12) Hein, Jessica M.; Akers, Cindy; Davis, Chad S.; Doerfert, DavidThis study sought to determine the impact the CottonLink media resource guide had on the increased coverage of cotton and means of improving industry-provided media resource guides. It also sought to identify newsgathering techniques used and identify the types of articles published and desired by members of the Texas print newspaper media. The population of Texas newspapers was stratified into four groups based on geographic location and publication of cotton-related articles from September 2004 to June 2005; eight participants were drawn from each population sub-set, resulting in a sample of 32. The researcher conducted interviews with participants, using a researcher-designed telephone survey instrument. A total of 26 participants were interviewed. The majority of participants did not recall receiving the CottonLink media resource guide. Participants said they primarily gather information for articles through personal interviews, Internet resources, and the Texas Cooperative Extension. Articles about boll weevils and cotton ginning were the most frequently cited cotton articles published by sample newspapers. Information on new technology or improvements in the cotton industry was cited as the most desired cotton topic for publication. The most frequently published agricultural articles by participants included news and feature articles written by staff writers, Texas Cooperative Extension information, weather information, and meeting and conference information. The most important general news topics to participants were local news and community events, local school news, and local government topics. The most important agricultural news topics included crop harvest articles, weather information, and livestock articles. The most common means of determining article newsworthiness is through topics’ interest and impact and proximity to readers. The most frequently cited means of determining story importance was interest and impact of articles’ topics, followed by attention-grabbing, proximity, and space available. Findings revealed that participants want source contact information and localized information included in media resource guides. The most desired format for information dissemination is though the Internet, press packets or binded copy, or e-mail. Participants said media resource guides were useful because they provide useful, hard-to-access information and story ideas. They also stated media resource guides were not used because of a lack of local information. A selected sample of newspapers chose not to publish cotton-related information said this decision was due to the fact that cotton is not a locally grown crop. Most participants whose newspapers did not publish cotton-related articles from September 2004 to June 2005 said access to resources may enhance publication rates. The most frequent suggestion to improve cotton news coverage was to localize information. Recommendations resulting from this study included suggestions for formatting and distributing media resource guides, providing editors with story ideas at strategic times of the year to increase coverage, providing local source training, and additional research regarding information sources, reporting behaviors, actual determination of newsworthiness, and journalists’ abilities to effectively communicate about the science of agriculture.Item Austin media in the digital age(2012-05) Gomez-Garcia, Oscar David; Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Alves, Rosental C.This report first explores the changes journalism is experiencing since the advent of the Internet in a broad manner. Second, and more specifically, it aims to shed more light on the mechanisms that are used by the very diverse Austin-area range of outlets and journalistic corporations, and the way they are embracing and adopting new technologies. To that end, it also tries to analyze the current Austin media ecosystem in depth, focusing on some of the most representative local media outlets and interviewing some of the more relevant personalities that are making all of these changes feasible.Item Authorial Anxiety in a Mass Media World: Four Modernists Respond(2013-10-15) Stamant, James MarcelThis project explores the anxieties authors of the early twentieth century experienced in relation to mass media, particularly newspapers and the movies, focusing on the selected works of four modernist authors: Sherwood Anderson, James Joyce, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ernest Hemingway. The works I examine span a twenty-year period, from the late 1910s to 1940, when both the newspaper and movie industries were firmly established as ?mass? media. I submit that these authors sustained very complicated relationships with the media they were in contact with. While all four of these authors worked for a time in one of these media, they maintained a negative attitude toward these same media when writing about them in their fiction. All four of these authors depicted perceived flaws in the very media they participated in. Anderson and Joyce, critiquing the newspaper world, suggest that newspapers fail to fulfill expectations regarding ?real? and accurate representations of the world. Anderson?s portrayal offers different reasons for the medium?s inabilities than Joyce?s, but both authors? fiction comes to comparable conclusions of the newspaper business? inadequacy to compete with the representations that could be found in literary fiction. Fitzgerald and Hemingway, writing about the movie business, highlight what they see as that medium?s shortcomings, and though both Fitzgerald and Hemingway personally held great optimism in the potential of movies they ultimately suggest otherwise in the fiction I examine. For these authors, the anxieties they felt were quite real. Some of the worries that these four authors held existed long before their time and continue to persist in the media saturated world of the early twenty-first century. Whatever reservations these authors had, though, they did not preclude them from envisioning the possibilities of different media, participating in those media, and utilizing their experiences (both real and imagined) in their own literary fiction. The connections between media and authorship in the early twentieth century were extremely complex, and the blurred lines between different modes of communication?as well as the definitions of ?art??created concerns that these four authors expressed in the best way they knew how: in their literary works.Item Breast is best but bottle is next: Mothers’ perception of the portrayals of breastfeeding in the media(2012-01-10) Leigh, Jemine; Olson, Beth; Yamasaki, Jill; Shulsky, DebraThe ideology that breastfeeding is a recommended form of nutrition for babies has become widely popular in the United States. However, some social norms like the baring of the breasts make it difficult for the mother to feel comfortable in her nursing practices. The media are often argued to be an influencing factor in public perceptions, and this study considers the media as well as interpersonal sources as influential factors in a woman’s choice to breastfeed. The importance of this study lies in the need to hear from the mothers and their experiences. Concepts and ideas from social cognitive theory, and two-step flow theory were applied in the discussions and findings. This study included eleven face-to-face interviews of women with children and women who are pregnant. This qualitative approach was designed so individual women’s voices could be heard.Item Class negotiations : poverty, welfare policy, and American television(2014-08) Murphy, Nicole Lynn; Beltrán, MaryTelevision impacts the shape of our common culture by depicting our societal fears, myths and hopes in a constantly shifting and negotiated manner. There is a glaring lack of research regarding media representations of children/adolescents in poverty. The study of this intersection is critically important for understanding societal discourse around education, healthcare, government assistance programs and even the opinions and practices of teachers and administrators. Children under 18 years of age represent 24 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty in the United States. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. In this thesis, I trace discourse in the mainstream news and popular culture regarding children and poverty through welfare debates and policy changes in the U.S. from the 1990s and 2000s through the Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations. Subsequently, I analyze the construction of this discourse on narrative television in the shows My So Called Life (ABC, 1994-1995) The O.C. (FOX, 2003-2007) and Shameless (Showtime, 2011-). Through this mapping, I examine how gender, sexuality, race, and age are mobilized in constructing televisual representations of poverty; as well as how shifting discourses and depictions make transparent society’s anxieties regarding poverty.Item Climate change framing in the New York Times : the media’s impact on a polarized public(2015-12) Goff, Paepin D.; Jensen, Robert, 1958-; Wilson, KristopherWhile the threat of climate change grows stronger along with the consensus of scientists about the certainty of anthropogenic causes, researchers observe an opposite effect in the public’s acceptance of climate science. While climate change is a salient topic in society, the media’s presentation of climate change has varied over time and the public remains politically divided on the issue. This content analysis of 134 New York Times’ climate change articles between 2001 and 2013 identified six different types of media frames associated with climate change coverage and investigated the presentation of scientific information within those frames. This study also investigated the congruence between scientific consensus regarding climate change, the public’s perception of current scientific knowledge and the way climate change is talked about in the media.Item Consuming and performing Black manhood : the Post Hip-Hop Generation and the consumption of popular media and cultural products(2011-12) Williams, Adam Clark; Watkins, S. Craig (Samuel Craig); Moore, Leonard N.Thirty-three young Black men of the Post-Hip Hop Generation (ages 18-25) in Austin, TX, participated in a qualitative study centering on questions investigating Black manhood, media use, and the consumption of popular cultural products. Further, the researcher examined representations of Black men throughout music videos, films, and MySpace profiles. The purpose of this study was to enhance our knowledge about how Black manhood is being defined, conceptualized, and expressed by young Black men, and how significant media and cultural consumption plays a role in their lives. This study probes six questions: RQ1: How do young Black males interpret the images and messages about Black men from mainstream media? RQ2: What types of cultural products are being consumed by young Black men? Why do they consume them? RQ3: How do young Black males define Black manhood? RQ4: Do these cultural products influence the ways that young Black men define/express Black manhood? If so, how? Focus group sessions were conducted throughout the study, which were video recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were then imported into a qualitative software program known as Atlas.ti, where statements related to the purpose of the study were coded and analyzed. These coded statements were then compared to observations made by the researcher from the examined media representations.Item Cosmetic surgery media, marketing and advertising requires more regulation(2010-05) Nelson, Katelyn Christine; Drumwright, Minette E.; Love, BradThe marketing, advertising and mediation of cosmetic surgery in the United States has become a controversial issue. The debate began with the normalization of unrealistic beauty images due to excessive exposure to cosmetic surgery in the media and consumer self-diagnosis. Surgeons use aggressive marketing tactics for preventative procedures and prey on insecurities. Moreover, the proliferation of cosmetic surgery in the media in conjunction with misleading advertising has created an environment where consumers have false and unrealistic expectations and perceptions of cosmetic surgery. This article discusses the history of cosmetic surgery, marketing and advertising tactics as well as mediated theory to understand the ethical issues involved in elective surgery. The goal of this paper is to suggest regulation and protection for vulnerable audiences.Item Defending Pussy Riot metonymically : the trial representations, media and social movements in Russia and the United States(2013-05) Kolesova, Ekaterina Sergeyevna; Cloud, Dana L.During August 2012 the issues of women's rights in Russia attracted attention of the U.S. newspapers, which was an unusual occurrence for this unprivileged region in feminist theorizing. In my thesis I explore the rhetoric around the Pussy Riot trial and verdict. I argue that international media rendered the protest metonymically, thereby reducing its political content to human rights and Cold War frames. I explore the usage of historical references in the narratives, based on these paradigms. The oppressiveness of the Russian government is constructed through Cold War rhetoric by references to Stalinism, which masks the neoliberal content of this case. The confrontation is represented as a clash of cultures based on the contrast between democracy and oppressive regimes, with Pussy Riot as martyrs for Western values and Putin as an Oriental dictator. I argue that this rhetoric has troubling implications for social activism, that democracy could be only achieved through non-violent and individualist symbolic activism which relies on the Western standards. The second part of my thesis analyzes how social movements in the U.S. and Russia interact with each other and influence each other's tactics through interaction with media representations of the Pussy Riot trial and dominant narratives regarding activism. My support for this argument comes from an analysis of the U.S. and Russian movements' responses to the Pussy Riot trial. Embracing a complex combination of political meanings, these events were significantly determined by prolific mass media coverage and mediated interaction between activist groups.Item Designing a Real-time Strategy Game about Sustainable Energy Use(2011-08-08) Doucet, Lars AndreasThis thesis documents the development of a video game about sustainable energy use that unites fun with learning. Many other educational games do not properly translate knowledge, facts, and lessons into the language of games: mechanics, rules, rewards, and feedback. This approach differs by using game mechanics in new ways to express lessons about energy sustainability. This design is based on the real time strategy (RTS) genre. Players of these types of games must manage economic problems such as extracting, refining, and allocating resources, as well as industrial problems such as producing buildings and military units. These games often use imaginative fantasy elements to connect with their audience, but also made-up economic numbers and fictional resources such as magic crystals which have little to do with the real world. This thesis' approach retains the fantasy elements and gameplay conventions of this popular genre, but uses numbers, resources, and situations based on research about real-world energy production. The intended result is a game in which the player learns about energy use simply by trying to overcome the game's challenges. In addition, a combined quantitative/qualitative study was performed, which shows that players of the game learned new things, enjoyed the game, and became more interested in the topic of energy use.Item Establishing media as scene partner to the producing interdisciplinary artist(2015-05) Belock, Ryan Allen; Isackes, Richard M.; Ortel, Sven; Bonin-Rodriguez, Paul; Beckham, AndreaThis thesis asks how practice-as-research methodologies can inform producing interdisciplinary artists in the context of contemporary performance production. Recognizing a growing trend of self-producing artists, I demonstrate how creative artists can balance aesthetic goals with organizational concerns. Taking a case study approach, I draw on the growing trend of artists relying upon themselves to perform most, if not all functions of a small production company in addition to mastering their primary craft. I look at modern examples of performers who rely heavily on projection design and test several roles in the devising, designing, promotion, and execution of an original media-driven story. Sources indicate the avenues where artists may find themselves most successful are those in which they must serve in several capacities to the production, including the wearing of many hats. It becomes therefore important for the interdisciplinary artist to maintain flexibility in order to assume other roles in addition to those specific to their craft. Through the lens of a producing artistic director, I consider the following main questions: How may theatre technicians navigate the threshold of technological competence and artistic integrity? Where and when (if at all) does the artist (performer) become the technician and vice versa? What common languages (i.e. Viewpoints, Semiotics, musicianship) can be formed to aid in the cohesion of collaborators from different disciplines (i.e. music, design, movement)?Item GLBTQ representation on children's television : an analysis of news coverage and cultural conservatism(2015-05) Mayer, Christopher John; Tyner, Kathleen R.; Fuller-Seeley, KathrynThe invisibility of GLBTQ characters on children's television stands in stark contrast to trends in adolescent and adult television over the past decade. A deep cultural ambivalence exists as to whether or not sexual identities are appropriate topics for young children on preschool television programming. For example, a marriage between Sesame Street characters Bert and Ernie has been the topic of many petitions, political debates, and academic studies over the years. This analysis seeks to reconcile the cultural ambivalence through analysis of news coverage over the most prominent children's shows associated with latent and/or manifest GLBTQ content. New stories that make up the research sample are analyzed for "Anti-GLBTQ" logics, and placed in a broader discourse analysis of societal expectations for children’s television, and what is considered to be appropriate content. The goal of this study is to draw greater attention to debates over how to best serve the educational needs of young children, and posits that the increasing numbers of children living under same-sex parented households are underserved by the children's television industry. The ambivalence by the industry seems suspect given prior, and well established efforts, of children’s shows, such as Sesame Street, and the ability of educational programming to bridge cultural, class, and racial divides. This study represents a preliminary effort to extend the conversations about children’s television content to be more inclusive of GLBTQ identities.Item The heart-shaped cookie knife : Miss Lonelyhearts as accelerated Bergsonian comedy(2015-05) Sheridan, Mark Timothy; Kornhaber, Donna, 1979-; Houser, HeatherThis report provides a new examination of the nature and function of laughter in Nathanael West's novel Miss Lonelyhearts, using Bergson's theory of comedy as a critical lens. This approach allows us to understand the close connection between mechanization and comedy in West's novel, and also to recognize the text's hitherto untold significance for post-industrial American literature. Building on Bergson in original ways, and incorporating the work of twentieth-century theorists such as Fredric Jameson, I argue that Miss Lonelyhearts illuminates a proto-postmodern cityscape where comedy is governed by the mechanizing logic of capital and media. West's characters, figured as comedic machines, are pushed to their biological, psychological and mechanical limits in this world, and laughter marks the moments of their breakage. Synthesizing several disparate strands of criticism on comedy, irony and media, my reading accounts for the ways in which laughter functions and malfunctions in this text, and the means by which West produces comedy from such profound tragedy.Item Here be dragons : imaginative geographies of online video games(2013-05) Schwartz, Leigh; Zonn, LeoAs articulated by J. K. Wright (1947), "terrae incognitae," or unknown lands, capture the imagination and inspire an excitement to explore and learn, but with a reduction in travel times and subsequent expansions of potential travel range, along with growth in media and the development of the video game industry, for many, terrae incognitae has shifted from places on Earth to the intangible environments of interactive media. While the virtual environments of video games can be fantastic, they are also designed and created by human beings to exist entirely in relation to the game player, who is an adventurer, explorer, settler, civilizer, or conqueror. Using qualitative research methods, this dissertation analyzes the geographies online video gaming in relation to an original framework based on the mutually constitutive concepts of representation, exploration, and geographic narrative, as well as the intersecting roles of myth, fantasy, and the virtual in shaping narratively structured imaginative environments. With specific chapters examining themes of interaction between human and software, gender and sexuality, exploration, narrative, cooperation, and creativity, this dissertation proposes that video games can be best understood as both collaborative representations and virtual environments.Item Hydraulic fracturing optimization : experimental investigation of multiple fracture growth homogeneity via perforation cluster distribution(2016-05) Michael, Andreas; Olson, Jon E.; Balhoff, Matthew THydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique used in the petroleum industry since 1947. High pressure fluid composed mainly of water generates cracks near the wellbore improving the surrounding permeability and enhancing the flow of oil and gas to the surface. Advances in hydraulic fracturing coupled with developments in horizontal drilling, have unlocked vast quantities of unconventional resources, previously believed impossible to be produced. Fracture creation induces perturbations in the nearby in-situ stress regime suppressing the initiation and propagation of other fractures. Neighboring fractures are affected by this stress shadow effect, causing them to grow dissimilarly and they receive unequal portions of the injected fluid. Numerical simulation models have shown that non-uniform perforation cluster distributions with interior fractures closer to the exterior ones can balance out these stress shadow effects, promoting more homogeneous multiple fracture growth compared to uniform perforation cluster distributions. In this work, laboratory-scale tests on three perforation configurations are performed on transparent specimens using distinctly colored fracturing fluids such that fracture growth can be observed. A normal faulting stress regime is replicated with the introduction of an overburden load in a confined space. The results have shown that uniform perforation spacing configurations yields higher degree of fracture growth homogeneity, as maximum spacing minimizes stress shadow effects, compared to moving the middle perforation closer to the toe, or heel of the horizontal well. The experiments also showed a proclivity to form one dominant fracture. Time delay, neglected in most theoretical modelling studies, between fracture initiations is found to be a key parameter and is believed to be one of the major factors promoting this dominant fracture tendency along with wellbore pressure gradients. Moreover, in several cases, the injected bypassed perforation(s) to generate fracture(s) downstream. Finally, the compressibility of the fracturing fluid triggered somewhat unexpected transient pressure behavior. The understanding of the stress shadow effects and what influences them could lead to optimization of hydraulic fracturing treatment design in terms of productivity and cost. Therefore, achieving more homogeneous multiple fracture growth patterns can be pivotal on the economic feasibility of several stimulation treatments.
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