Browsing by Subject "Maternal"
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Item Colonizing the womb : women, midwifery, and the state in colonial Ghana(2011-12) Amponsah, Nana Akua; Falola, Toyin; Walker, Juliet E; Charumbira, Ruramisai; Jones, Omi Osun Joni L; Obeng, Cecilia S; Denbow, James RThis dissertation explores the British colonial government’s attempt to reconstruct women’s reproductive behaviors in colonial Ghana through the sites of maternal and infant welfare services and western midwifery education. In the early 1920s, the fear that the high maternal and infant mortality rates in the Gold Coast would have repercussive effects on economic productivity caused the colonial government to increasingly subject women’s reproduction to medical scrutiny and institutional care. I argue that female reproduction was selected as a site of intervention because the British colonial government conceived of it as a path of least resistance to social reconstruction, economic security, and political dominance. The five chapters have been designed to analyze colonial reproductive intervention as a socio-economic and political exigency of colonial rule. This dissertation speaks to the fact that cross-culturally, the female body has been politicized through narratives of power, culture, tradition, modernity, race, disempowerment, and empowerment.Item Maternal transfer and tissue distribution of HMX in quail eggs(2007-05) Liu, Jun; Cobb, George P.; Smith, Philip N.; Anderson, Todd A.An efficient sample extraction and cleanup method was developed for determination of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in eggs. The procedure included solvent extraction of HMX from eggs followed by cleanup using florisil and styrene-divinyl benzene (SDB) cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse phase (RP) C18 column, with a mobile phase containing 60% methanol + 40% 1.0 mM acetic acid aqueous solution. Overall recoveries from eggs containing 10, 50, 250 and 1000 ng/g of HMX were 84.0%, 88.0%, 90.6% and 87.4%. A method detection limit (MDL) of 0.15 ng/g was achieved. Then we evaluated the use of the gas exchange rate as an indicator of chemical stress in avian embryos/eggs. Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed to HMX via feed at concentrations of 0, 12.5, 50.0, and 125.0 mg/kg. Metabolic rates (oxygen consumptions) of incubated quail eggs were then measured via respirometry to examine potential effects of HMX exposure. Metabolic rate was examined on 5, 9, and 21 days of incubation. Next, concentrations of HMX in eggs were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of HMX in eggs from the four dose groups were significantly different. Mean (¡À SE) concentrations of HMX in quail eggs were 1025 ¡À 77, 3610 ¡À 143 and 7021 ¡À 300 ng/g in the low, medium and high dose groups respectively. A significant difference in oxygen consumption rates was observed among eggs at the three developmental stages (pItem Odors and pheromones: influences of olfaction on behavior, physiology, and performance to reduce stress in pigs(Texas Tech University, 2000-12) Krebs, Nadège; McGlone, John J.; Ballou, Michael A.; Carroll, Jeffery A.; Norman, Reid L.; Salazar, IgnacioReducing stress in pig husbandry has become a priority for economical and ethical reasons. The stress axis is anatomically linked to the olfactory system. Pigs have a very developed sense of olfaction. Reducing weaning or handling stress using the sense of olfaction would be a non-invasive and welfare-friendly technique. Exposing pigs at weaning individually to amyl acetate (banana smell, novel odor) or maternal pheromone did not reduce stress within the 2 h of the onset of weaning. Odors and pheromones increased lying behavior but the effects on cortisol concentration and immunology were limited compared to a control odor like water. An induced maternal odor was obtained by feeding sows an onion-flavored diet during lactation. Pigs were weaned onto onion-flavored diet. Onion-exposed pigs fought less at weaning but performance was not affected compared to pigs that had never been exposed to onion. Finishing pigs were trained to an olfactory/gustatory reward (maple syrup) at the finishing barn. When exposed to a novel environment (simulated pre-stun area) with the same reward present, handling time and pig welfare were improved compared to control pigs that had never been trained and were not exposed to maple syrup. Innate preferences to odors were assessed in domestic pigs (tested in a Y-maze) as a model to feral pigs' preferences to odors. Piglets were attracted to boar urine, fox urine, ChileGard™ (habanero pepper extract) and maple syrup and were repulsed by sour milk. Similar results were obtained in feral pigs.