Browsing by Subject "Marital status"
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Item A comparison of the factors associated with the life satisfaction of single individuals(Texas Tech University, 1979-08) Lloyd, Sally AnneNot availableItem Changes in the friendship network structure as a function of gender, marital status, and gender role attitudes(Texas Tech University, 1985-08) Mizell, Melinda MNot availableItem Gender, marital status, and mental well-being(Texas Tech University, 1984-05) Smith, Robert R.Not availableItem Marital satisfaction and attributions for conflict among bipolar disordered persons and their spouses(Texas Tech University, 1990-12) Garrett-Akinsanya, Bravada MaeAmong the major affective disorders, the bipolar form of depression is one of the least examined in psychological literature. Although a propensity of etiological research currently exists in biomedical areas, a paucity of literature accompanies the investigation of the psychosocial factors that contribute to bipolar disorder. The marriages of bipolar disordered patients and their non-patient spouses are frequently conflict-laden due to the unpredictable behaviors associated with the illness. To date, no study has identified the factors that separate those bipolar depressed patient/spouse couples who successfully maintain a satisfactory relationship from those who do not. Evidence suggests that factors such as knowledge, self-blame, attributional style, and shifts in attributional styles, may differentiate levels of marital satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine attributional processes related to levels of marital satisfaction among bipolar disordered patients and their healthy spouses. Five hypotheses were investigated using 60 married couples (30 bipolar depressed patient/spouse couples and 30 normal control couples), who were instructed to complete questionnaires probing attributional styles in response to one hypothetical and two actual conflict scenarios. First, it was hypothesized that patient group couples would experience lower levels of marital satisfaction in comparison to non-patient group couples. Secondly, among patient group couples, a positive correlation was postulated to exist between knowledge of bipolar disorder and the degree of marital satisfaction experienced by the couple. Third, among the patient group, couples who were more satisfied with their marriages were expected to exhibit more self-blame in response to conflict scenarios than couples who were not as satisfied. Fourth, among bipolar patients and their spouses, a positive correlation was expected between benevolent attributional styles and marital satisfaction. Finally, bipolar couples were expected to reflect a shift in their attributions according to the mood conditions presented (manic or depressed) in the conflict scenarios. It was hypothesized that larger shifts would be associated with lower levels of marital satisfaction. Results confirmed hypothesis one. Patient group couples were found to exhibit lower levels of marital satisfaction than control group couples. On the other hand, hypothesis two was not substantiated by the data. This study revealed self-blame as being directly related to marital satisfaction, but only among bipolar patients responding to the depressive scenario. In addition, control group couples exhibited more benevolent attributional styles to conflict when compared to patient group couples, yet evidence was found to suggest that being targeted may actually produce different attributional styles. Finally, a shift in attributions occurred according to mood conditions. Patients exhibited larger shifts than controls. The degree to which couples shifted in their perceptions of voluntariness or negativity of behaviors was related to the degree of marital satisfaction experienced. Implications of the findings are highlighted and particular references are made to gender differences and role-expectations.Item Marital status, marital status transitions, and depression: does age matter?(2006) Durden, Emily Dahmer; Ross, Catherine E., 1953-Most of what we currently know about the association between marital status and mental health is derived from studies that implicitly assume an ageless adult, who is affected by their marital status in the same way to the same degree throughout the adult life course. Using panel data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, I evaluate the usefulness of this assumption by assessing the moderating potential of age on the association between marital status, marital status transitions, and depression, paying special attention to gender. Further, I examine the extent to which contextual factors such as economic well-being and measures of social integration and social support mediate the association between marital status and depression by age, as well as by gender. My findings indicate that the impact of marital status and marital loss on depression is moderated by age for men, but is consistent across age for women. Further, I find substantial variation in the extent to which economic well-being and social integration measures account for the association between marital status and depression across age, as well as by gender. In general, the impact of the measures of economic well-being on the association between marital status and depression is significantly greater than is the impact of the social integration and support measures, particularly for the young- and middle-aged, as well as for women. With regard to age, I find that economic well-being mediates more of the association between marital status and depression for the middle-aged than for younger and older adults, while the social integration and support measures account for more of the association between marital status and depression among young and older adults. Taken together, these results contribute to our understanding of group variation in the associations between marital status, marital status transitions, and depression.Item Predicting divorce at marital therapy intake: a discriminant analysis model(Texas Tech University, 1985-05) Newfield, Neal AllenNot availableItem Predicting divorce at marital therapy intake: a discriminant analysis model(Texas Tech University, 1985-05) Newfield, Neal AllenNot availableItem The relationship of marital sex role discrepancy with marital conflict, marital adjustment, and marital stability among marriage enrichment couples(Texas Tech University, 1985-08) Lundy, Janice CThe purpose of the present study was to examine couple agreement/disagreement in marital sex-role orientation as a variable in marital conflict, marital adjustment, and marital stability with participants in marriage enrichment events. Subjects for the study were 47 married couples. Participating couples were divided into three groups, traditional, egalitarian, and discrepant, according to couples' scores on the Male-Female Relations Questionnaire. There was no significant difference in marital quality among groups. Wives in all groups were significantly more traditional in sex-role orientation than husbands. Conclusions were that marital sex-role discrepancies when the husband tends to prefer egalitarian behavior and the wife tends to prefer a more traditional role do not negatively correlate with marital quality. Though not significant, such a discrepancy appears to have a negative relationship with marital conflict and a positive relationship with marital adjustment.Item Three essays on the economics of time use(2009-05) Lim, Jean, 1972-; Hamermesh, Daniel S.Economists have rejected the popular view that time use is primarily influenced by local customs and law, and instead argue that it is determined by optimal choices of economic agents and the market mechanism. However the analysis of time allocation has been focused on the labor-leisure choice problem which posits a worker who wants more leisure because of his preference for leisure over work. Thus going beyond the standard model, these essays add to the theory of the economics of time use. First I examine why married men earn more. I explore the possibility that differences in household work by marital status can explain the observed male marital wages advantage. Depending on the type and timing of household work, I segregate it into flexible and inflexible household work, using the American Time Use Survey. Empirical results provide strong support for the productivity difference between married and never married men. Household work has significant negative and differential effects on wages. The effects are not only driven by total time spent on household work, but also by types and timing of household work. The result shows that inflexible household work has a stronger negative effect on wages than flexible household work. Second I study how taxes affect time and goods allocation in home production. I claim that an increase in sales taxes encourages households to substitute away from the market goods input in favor of untaxed non-market time input. I explore the substitution response by relating household market purchases and time use. The theory part shows that the size of elasticity of substitution between market goods input and time input is crucial for understanding the government's optimal tax policy. Then I show that it is optimal to impose lower taxes on goods used in the production of commodities with a higher elasticity of substitution. In the empirical part, I estimate sizes of elasticities of substitution of goods for time with the combined survey of Mexican household consumption expenditures and time allocation for 2002. I find that the elasticity of substitution for 'Eating' is lowest. Finally wage compensation for climate is examined. Using the Merged Outgoing Rotation Group File from 2002 to 2007, I find that the North-South wage differential in construction and extraction occupations is much higher than in any other occupations. I claim that this is because weather affects wage determination. If individuals are to locate in both desirable and undesirable locations, undesirable locations must offer higher wages. Using the O*NET database, I obtain information on how often an occupation requires exposure to weather conditions. Estimation results of the wage equation show that wage compensation for living in bad weather amounts to 11.9 percent of hourly wages evaluated at sample means. The difference in wage compensation for working in bad weather between the most exposed (outdoorness index = 5) and least exposed (outdoorness index = 0) occupations is estimated to be 9.6 percent of hourly wages evaluated at sample means. In addition, I find that the occupational injury risk is related to weather conditions in the case of construction and extraction occupations.