Browsing by Subject "Manures"
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Item Biosolids and chemical fertilizer application on the Chihuahuan desert grasslands(Texas Tech University, 1998-08) Cooley, Philip EarlSewage sludge or biosolids refers to the solids removed from municipal waste water during treatment. Currently, sewage sludge is used to refer to untreated material, while biosolids refers to treated material., There are several estimates as to how much sewage sludge is currently produced or will be produced in the U.S. in the future. On average, a typical person generates 16.9 liters of sewage sludge per week (Chermisinoff, 1993). According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1989) approximately 6.5 million dry tons of sewage sludge are generated annually, and this is expected to increase to approximately 13 million dry tons by the year 2000. Due to the large quantities of sewage sludge generated, management of treated sewage sludge, or biosolids, is becommg increasingly important. The Marine Protection Research and Sanctuary Act of 1988 banned ocean dumping of biosolids as a disposal technique, leaving only land filling, incineration, and land application. Land filling is facing increased regulations because of ground water pollution and decreases in available land fill space. Incineration is also plagued with problems, such as air pollution, high energy input, and capital costs. Land application is a promising alternative to ocean dumping. Land application is defined as the spreading of biosolids on or just below the soil surface, and is becoming a widely used sludge management option. Land application is divided into four categories: agricultural use, forest lands, land reclamation, and land dedicated to sludge application. Land application is encouraged by the EPA wherever environmentally feasible (USEPA, 1989). Land application has been beneficially used on croplands, forest lands, and reclaimed mines throughout the U.S. However, land application has not been widely studied in the arid and semi-arid southwest or on native rangelands. The desert southwest, including the Trans-Pecos region of Texas, receives low and unpredictable rainfall and has high temperatures, high evaporation rates, and low organic matter contents in the soil All of these factors limit native plant growth on rangelands. Application of biosolids might ameliorate some of these conditions by providing organic matter to the soil and reducing soil water evaporation. In addition, biosolids contains several plant macro- and micro- nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc that can increase plant production. As long as biosolids do not cause detrimental effects in this semi-arid environment, the Trans-Pecos is an excellent area for land dedicated to sludge application for several reasons: vast acreages of available land, and few estimated number of days when biosolids can not be applied because of unfavorable weather (precipitation) (USEPA, 1989).Item Cyclonic burner for partial combustion of manure to ammonia synthesis gas.(Texas Tech University, 1974-12) Natour, Ibrahim J.Not availableItem Depth of Penetration of Nitrate Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Effects of Selected Liquid Fertilizer Applications on Yields of Milo, Wheat and Barley on a Dalhart Fine Sandy Loam, in West Texas(Texas Tech University, 1949-08) Walker, Harvey JNot Available.Item Effects of Selected Herbicides and Fertilization on a Sand Shinnery Oak Community(Texas Tech University, 1972-08) Deering, Donald WayneNot Available.Item The correlation of soil test values with cotton and grain sorghum yield response to nitrogen and phosphorus on the southern High Plains of Texas(Texas Tech University, 1961-08) Ritchie, Joe TackettNot availableItem The economic and environmental implications of feedlot manure utilization in the Texas High Plains(Texas Tech University, 1996-12) Johnson, Jason LaurenceEnvironmental regulations and rising fertilizer costs have made livestock waste management issues important to cattle feedlots, farmers and consumers. These problems are especially evident in the Texas High Plains (THP), an area where vast numbers of cattle are fed alongside a large farm base. The objective of this research was to determine efficient patterns of feedlot manure utilization in the THP that would protect the environment and benefit both feedlot operators and crop producers. Spatial optimization procedures were used to model the economic and environmental implications of utilizing feedlot manure in predominant cropping practices of the THP. The data for this research was constructed from the 5-year average predominant crop acreages and the locations and capacities of 93 individual feedlots in the 29 county THP region. Estimated costs and returns were estimated for each cropping activity, alternative fertilization rate, and soil types predominant in the THP. Expected crop yields, water requirements, and residual nitrogen and phosphorous levels were estimated with the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) biological crop/growth simulation model.