Browsing by Subject "Management"
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Item A comparison of management and leadership skills critical to the principalship as perceived by superintendents in selected independent school districts in Texas(Texas A&M University, 2006-04-12) White, Katherine AliaThe purpose of this study was to determine which management and leadership behaviors selected superintendents perceived as critical to the position of principal. Differences were examined by gender as well as size of district. A secondary goal of this research was to raise awareness regarding gender inequity that exists in educational administration. The population of the study was all female superintendents in Texas (N=135) and randomly selected male superintendents (N=301). Data were disaggregated by gender and size of district. An e-mail was sent to each superintendent with a web address and an access code. A response rate of 66% was obtained for a sample size of 290 superintendents. The survey contained items on management and leadership skills from the Peterson Managerial Leadership Instrument (PMI) and the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) developed by Kouzes and Posner. Superintendents were asked to respond to the behaviors based on their envisioned best principal. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed for the total group and subgroups. Major research findings included: 1. An independent samples t-test on the PMI determined two behaviors that were significantly different (p< .05) and six behaviors that were significantly different (p<.01) between the means of female and male superintendents. 2. An independent samples t-test on the LPI determined four behaviors that were significantly different (p<.05) and one behavior that was significantly different (p<.01) between the means of female and male superintendents. 3. A post hoc Scheffe analysis on the PMI indicated four levels of perceived use on the managerial statements and six levels of perceived use on the leadership statements at the p< .05 level. Based on the findings of this study, researcher recommendations include: 1. The process of identifying the pool of applicants for the principalship needs to be examined for screening processes that block women and minorities from educational administration. 2. Principal appraisal instruments should be reviewed and weighted to correctly reflect management tasks against other administrative duties. 3. School districts need to investigate the use of personality and leadership instruments while developing a cohort of potential principals.Item A study of management principles necessary for an effective system of internal control(Texas Tech University, 1961-08) Penafiel, Lorenzo VNot availableItem Action research in business: analysis, evaluation, and case study of an organizational change strategy(Texas Tech University, 1972-12) Lutz, Richard CharlesNot availableItem Amateur community choruses: exploratory case studies of ensembles in Texas(Texas Tech University, 2005-08) Pendleton, Joe C.This study is a qualitative examination of the origins and organizational information of selected amateur community choruses in the state of Texas. This study is designed as an in-depth evaluation of each ensemble and will compare the methodology used by these ensembles in specific areas. The conclusions reached in the results of this research revealed unified musical purposes across the choirs like advancing the choral art and producing beautiful music, while an incredible diversity of methods are employed to achieve those purposes. The comparison of methods is organized by grouped responses to interview questions, and then placed in chapters by general areas of information addressed in the questions. The responses were gleaned from personal interviews with the directors of these organizations. This study does not offer a musical comparison or success evaluation of the ensembles, but compares the organizational methods used to achieve the goals listed in the chorus’s mission statements. Additionally, the selection of choruses does not represent a cross section of amateur community choruses in Texas, but closely examines the operation and activities of six choirs. The criteria for selecting the choirs for this study included their proximity to each other, which allowed me to interview each director in person. There are three groupings that emerged as a result of the interviews; unique circumstances, shared circumstances, and unified purpose. Concerning unique factors, the focuses of this study are a symphony chorus, a gender-specific chorus, a chorus supported by a religious school, a children’s chorus, a true stand-alone chorus, and a chorus associated with a state university. Secondly, the ensembles can be grouped by certain shared circumstances, such as funding support. One group is fully funded by a parent arts organization, three must raise their own support individually, and two are given some support by a larger educational organization. Finally, every organization shares the goals of advancing the choral art, being challenged by the rigors of rehearsal and performance, and producing beautiful music.Item Amateur community choruses: Exploratory case studies of ensembles in Texas(2005-08) Pendleton, Joe C.; Stoune, Michael; Donahue, Linda L.; Cejda, Brent D.; Elrod, Pamela; Hobbs, Wayne C.; Wood, BruceThis study is a qualitative examination of the origins and organizational information of selected amateur community choruses in the state of Texas. This study is designed as an in-depth evaluation of each ensemble and will compare the methodology used by these ensembles in specific areas. The conclusions reached in the results of this research revealed unified musical purposes across the choirs like advancing the choral art and producing beautiful music, while an incredible diversity of methods are employed to achieve those purposes. The comparison of methods is organized by grouped responses to interview questions, and then placed in chapters by general areas of information addressed in the questions. The responses were gleaned from personal interviews with the directors of these organizations. This study does not offer a musical comparison or success evaluation of the ensembles, but compares the organizational methods used to achieve the goals listed in the chorus’s mission statements. Additionally, the selection of choruses does not represent a cross section of amateur community choruses in Texas, but closely examines the operation and activities of six choirs. The criteria for selecting the choirs for this study included their proximity to each other, which allowed me to interview each director in person. There are three groupings that emerged as a result of the interviews; unique circumstances, shared circumstances, and unified purpose. Concerning unique factors, the focuses of this study are a symphony chorus, a gender-specific chorus, a chorus supported by a religious school, a children’s chorus, a true stand-alone chorus, and a chorus associated with a state university. Secondly, the ensembles can be grouped by certain shared circumstances, such as funding support. One group is fully funded by a parent arts organization, three must raise their own support individually, and two are given some support by a larger educational organization. Finally, every organization shares the goals of advancing the choral art, being challenged by the rigors of rehearsal and performance, and producing beautiful music.Item An analysis of management science staffing in Texas(Texas Tech University, 1966-08) Williams, John GarlandMuch emphasis today is being placed upon management science techniques, both quantitative as uell as qualitative, as tools for assisting the business manager in reaching more effective and accurate decisions. This trend has brought about many problems that top management must solve. It is the main objective of this report to investigate just one of these problem areas, namely the problem of staffing these types of management science positions. In other words, what general types of personnel are best qualified for work in the management science field as determined by management scientists in Texas? Thus, this report will attempt to answer this question by developing a basic criterion to meet the general personnel requirements for organizing and selecting an effective, efficient management science staff.Item An analysis of the cost of hazard mitigation planning policy in local and regional government(Texas Tech University, 2008-12) Jackman, Andrea Marie Gamret; Beruvides, Mario G.According to the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-390), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) subsequent Interim Final Rule (44 CFR Parts 201 and 206), local governments are required to write and gain approval for a Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP). Once the plan has been approved by FEMA, the authoring jurisdiction(s) is eligible to apply for and receive federal grant funding through programs such as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program (PDM). A pilot study conducted on the completion of HMPs revealed that over 90% of plans were completed multi-jurisdictionally, although approximately two-thirds of local governments in the United States remain without plans. An examination of disaster management literature reveals that planning activities and specifically the role of multi-jurisdictional cooperation in these activities, remains poorly understood. The analysis presented in this dissertation includes that of the pilot study, the creation of a conceptual model of emergency management in the United States, and the results of a statistical analysis of the cost to single and multi-jurisdictional planning entities for the creation of a HMP. The results of the analysis indicate that the cost of a HMP varies significantly depending on four community factors, and can be approximated using a regression model. The recommendation is made that multi-jurisdictional planning efforts be highly favored over single-jurisdictional ones for cost-reducing purposes, particularly for those jurisdictions which experience a low frequency of natural hazards. Questions regarding the role of multi-jurisdictional entities in the mitigation of natural disasters are also recommended for potential avenues of future research.Item An analysis of the inventory costs, the inventory carrying expenses, and the stock turnover rates of the supply retail store, Reese Air Force Base, Texas(Texas Tech University, 1954-08) Ellebracht, PatNot availableItem An analysis on starting up a specific small business(2010-12) Gomez, Juan Leonardo; Lewis, Kyle, 1961-; Duvic, Robert C.A unique business opportunity has been presented to me. I have been invited to create a small business that would initially offer mechanical design services to two main customer segments: automotive and biomedical device companies. My main responsibility is to help frame the small business and act as an investor partner. I will act as a silent partner once the day to day operations begin. My main focus of this paper is to provide practical information to answer many specific questions about starting this small business. A Net Present Value (NPV) and Profitability Index (PI) analysis will help me determine whether the required initial investment capital will be a good investment for all the parties involved. The legal aspect of managing people in a small business with less than 15 employees will be also reviewed. The conclusions from the Human Capital Framework and the main components of a business plan will be used in the future development of an operating procedure. A business structure will be selected as part of this analysis. Finally, the business values and strategic goals that are most important to all participating parties will be mentioned.Item Are self-evaluations helpful or harmful when employees are unaware of their marginal contribution to firm welfare?(2010-08) Reichert, Bernhard Erich; Kachelmeier, Steven J. (Steven John), 1958-; Williamson, Michael G.; Anderson, Urton L.; Dukerich, Janet M.; Koonce, Lisa L.This study examines whether eliciting self-evaluations increases or decreases the propensity of a productive agent to retaliate against an employer for paying compensation that the agent perceives to be too low for the work performed. Specifically, I consider a setting in which a principal knows more about the agent’s production than even the agent can observe. In such a setting, an agent might perceive that s/he is being underpaid if the principal pays less than the agent believes s/he deserves, especially if the agent is overconfident about his/her own productive ability. Such an agent could take retaliatory actions against the principal that would be costly to both parties. Self-evaluations could mitigate such tendencies if they result in compensation that is more aligned with agent self-perceptions. Alternatively, self-evaluations could worsen such tendencies if they reinforce the perceived inequity of compensation that does not match agent self-perceptions. I present experimental evidence from comparing a control condition without self-evaluations to three different forms of self-evaluation reports, finding evidence consistent with the premise that self-evaluations increase retaliatory actions and lower welfare. My findings show a cost to self-evaluations that thus far has not been sufficiently considered in the literature.Item Caleb Strawn Sport Marketing and Management Interdisciplinary Studies Portfolio(2013-04) Strawn, Caleb; Massengale, Dana; Karam, Elizabeth P.; Fox, GavinThis master’s portfolio is comprised of three separate papers that were written at the request of the three professors on my interdisciplinary studies portfolio committee. The first paper is an expansion of a research paper written in a Sport Management class for Dr. Dana Massengale. This paper explores the possibility of the compensation of Division I student-athletes and explains the complex situation that the NCAA faces in the O’Bannon legal case. The second paper was written in a Business Management class for Dr. Liz Karam. This paper is introspective in nature and places myself in the position of a business called ‘Strawn Inc.’. This paper explores my personality traits, strengths and weakness in order to fully describe the nature of products that ‘Strawn Inc.’ produces. As the Business Marketing representative on my portfolio review committee, Dr. Fox requested that I write a paper that expressed my intentions upon enrolling in my graduate program, key themes I learned through all three of my areas of study, and what I have learned that will be valuable beyond graduation and into my career. Some major points of discovery in this paper include the importance of both the management of people and relationships as well as the management of planning and processes in sports, business and life.Item Cross-cultural casting: Case studies on the academic stage(2012-08) Bodie, Nadia C.; Bush, James B.; Marks, Jonathan; Gelber, William F.; Stone, Michael; Check, EdThis document addresses the issue of cross-cultural casting on the university theatre stage, exploring the multiple challenges it poses while gauging its impact on the performer and the spectator. Cross-cultural casting serves to increase opportunities for certain groups of actors who are typically under-represented when casting for major stage productions. This document investigates the impact of cross-cultural casting on the actor process in rehearsal and performance. It advocates pedagogical approaches directors can use when preparing or thinking about employing cross-cultural casts at the university theatre level. The document is divided into five chapters that outline the actor process through casting, rehearsals, collaborations, gauging actor and audience perception, and guidelines that can be used to advance cross-cultural casting practices in academia. It is a process-oriented work used to examine three different university-based cross-cultural productions as case studies. It proposes that the employment of cross-cultural casts in academia can be a successfully innovative process, and can be used to alter the perception of students, theatre practitioners, communities, and the future of the professional stage.Item Ctrl.FRAME : a control-theoretical framework for resource allocation management in engineering(2011-12) Mozano, Ashton; Barber, Suzanne; Graser, ThomasThe Software Life Cycle (SLC) often comprises a complex sequence of processes, each with many subparts where various execution decisions throughout the pipeline can greatly affect the success or failure of a given project. Some of the most important decisions involve the allocation of scarce resources throughout the SLC, which are often based on estimations about future market demand and various extraneous factors of high stochasticity. Despite numerous efforts in standardization, many projects are still highly dependent on the subjective aptitude of individual managers, who may in turn rely on ad hoc techniques rather than standardized and repeatable ones. The results can be unpredictability and undue reliance on specific individuals. This paper considers imposing a mathematical framework on two of the key aspects of SLC: Deciding how to dynamically allocate available resources throughout the development pipeline, and when to stop further work on a given task in light of the associated Return On Investment (ROI) metrics. In so doing, the software development process is modeled as a problem in New Product Development (NPD) Management, which can be approached using control theory and stochastic combinatorial optimization techniques. The paper begins by summarizing some of the previous developments in these fields, and proposes some future research directions for solving complex resource allocation problems under stochastic settings. The outcome is a formal framework that when combined with competent Configuration Management techniques, can rapidly achieve near-optimal solutions at each stage of the SLC in a standardized manner.Item Development and initial assessment of Texas Cooperative Extension's white-tailed dear management module(Texas A&M University, 2005-02-17) Bedgood, Mark AndrewThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the development and initial use of Texas Cooperative Extension?s (TCE) White-tailed Deer Management Module (WDMM) delivered over the Internet. The results of this study will provide suggestions about future online wildlife management modules. Data were collected from two populations using questionnaires. A sample of six county Extension agents (CEA?s) and four Extension specialists were selected by an Extension wildlife specialist who perceived them to be professionals in the fields of wildlife and range management. This first sample is also referred to as change agents. The second sample, also known as early users, consisted of 27 anonymous CEA?s and landowners within TCE?s District 10. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect and analyze data. The results are as follows: Thus, the development of WDMM was the responsibility of the Extension specialist and researcher. The Extension specialist and researcher did seek professional opinions on content and layout information. Results suggested that CEA?s and Extension specialists agreed the WDMM would be a beneficial educational tool for new landowners. Overall, WDMM was perceived to be user friendly, visually appealing, and provided useful content. Although most change agents responded positively to most questions, there were a few that would like to see more educationally challenging questions. For example, there were a few questions that respondents felt were of the ?elementary? and ?kindergarten? level. They would like more questions concerning management. The majority of early users were in support of WDMM. Data gathered from the WDMM Feedback Questionnaire agreed with data gathered from change agents. In general, most early users said that they were pleased with the WDMM. Recommendations were made based on these findings to expand the WDMM. Some of these include: 1) Expanding WDMM; 2) Replicating this study using random sampling; 3) Collecting computer knowledge and skills and demographics on future studies; 4) Developing similar modules to see if they gain the same positive response.Item Development of a Seed Cotton Fiber Quality Sensing System For Cotton Fiber Quality Mapping(2012-02-14) Schielack, Vincent PaulFor precision agriculture to work, an automated process to collect spatial-variability data within a field is necessary. Otherwise, data collection is prohibitively expensive and time consuming. Furthermore, to minimize measurement error due to harvesting method, data-collection processes involving normal cotton harvesting and ginning operations must be used. For the case of cotton, an automated prototype system using image processing to measure the micronaire value of cotton fiber during harvest was designed and built in the laboratory. This system was tested with two image-processing algorithms to identify and remove the effects of objects present in the images that were not cotton fiber, and then measure the reflectivity in three Near-Infrared (NIR) wavebands. Both algorithms yielded similar results when used on seed cotton samples. The reflectivity measurement after removing the effects of foreign matter had a strong relationship to standard micronaire measurements (R^2= 0.73 and 0.74 for the ratio-image and single-image algorithms, respectively) with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.28 and 0.27, respectively. The ratio-image pixel classification method classified an average of 58% of the pixels in an image as "cotton", while the single-image method classified an average of 81% of the pixels in each image as cotton. These results do not show as strong a relationship between micronaire and NIR reflectivity of cotton samples as previous research done with very uniform lint cotton calibration samples. This is attributed to the higher content of foreign matter in seed cotton samples. With higher trash cotton and fiber that has not yet been cleaned, results obviously are not as good as when using calibration cotton samples. These results indicate the system can be adapted to perform in-situ measurement of cotton fiber quality, specifically micronaire, and enable harvesters to create quality maps of a field automatically to allow better crop management.Item Ecology of sympatric deer species in west-central Texas: methodology, reproductive biology, and mortality and antipredator strategies of adult females and fawns(Texas Tech University, 2007-12) Haskell, Shawn P.; Ballard, Warren B.; Wallace, Mark C.; Krausman, Paul; Bradley, Robert D.; McIntyre, Nancy E.Between the mid-1800s and -1900s mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) declined to relict populations in west Texas. This event coincided with the advent of barbed-wire fencing and dug wells providing water by windmills, which brought an end to free-ranging livestock. Also coincident was rangeland conversion from grassland-savannah to more brush dominated habitats due to overgrazing and fire suppression. These conditions favored white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) that expanded their range westward with the brush into areas that were previously inhabited by mule deer only. Most local biologists would cite the west-Texas decline of mule deer as the result of unfavorable changes in rangeland habitats, which facilitated competitive exclusion by white-tailed deer. Others have speculated about effects of fragmentation and hybridization, although genetic introgression between deer species appears uncommon despite hybridization in sympatric contact zones. However, these conditions still exist in west Texas, and mule deer are making their comeback into their previous range that was only occupied by white-tailed deer 30 years ago. The question remains: why did mule deer disappear 100 years ago? We think we have the answer: diseases associated with livestock. To reach that overarching conclusion (as a hypothesis), we first: 1) refined our field methods, 2) studied reproductive biology, and 3) examined causes of death for adult females and fawns of both species in a contact zone in northwest Crockett County, Texas, an area that was inhabited only by mule deer 100 years ago and only by white-tailed deer 30 years ago. They are now of similar abundance. We also made a discovery regarding maternal antipredator strategies that seems interesting for both ecology and management. I will not expound here on detailed results, as each chapter has its own abstract of more appropriate form. Because we relied on deer location estimates by radiotelemetry to test hypotheses, I conducted a beacon study to determine errors and generate a predictive regression model. This model allowed me to assess whether or not objectives could be met given our field methods. I also created a common-sense approach to location estimation that incorporated subjective weighting by relative confidence in a signal received. I compared this approach to the commonly used maximum likelihood estimator. Other researchers may find my MATLAB files useful for beacon studies and location estimation by radiotelemetry triangulation (see http://www.rw.ttu.edu/haskell/ ). To interpret results from wildlife studies it is useful to know population densities. We used mark-resight and deer location data to generate a theoretically unbiased deer density estimate at our site in 2005 (approx. 30 deer/km2). We took advantage of this estimate to provide Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) with the first scientifically valid field assessment of their deer survey methods from roads. As predicted, because of habituation behavior within (and perhaps beyond) the effective survey strip width, deer seemed to be clustered near roads as semi-permeable barriers to movement, although a displacement effect of approximately 30 m was also evident. We provided TPWD with recommendations to calibrate their non-random survey design to more defensible methods. Field methods for fawn studies have been continuously refined. Most prior studies suffered from potential positive survival biases because fawns were not captured as true neonates and survival rates may be lowest soon after birth. In fact, 9% of the fawns we captured died within 25 m of birth-sites; most of these were not handled prior to death. We agree with others that risk of marking-induced abandonment is low if females are allowed at least 3 hours postpartum to clean and nurse their young. We used vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) to locate birth-sites. We experimented with VIT design to determine variable efficacy. Despite previous behavioral observations from captive deer, we found that antennas protruding too far externally from the vulva were more likely to be prematurely expelled, presumably because deer pulled them out with their teeth. Also we found that previous models estimating ages of captive fawns by hoof growth predicted ages that were about 1.5 weeks too young for our free-ranging fawns. Thus, researchers should take considerable caution when applying models from captive deer to free-ranging populations. We found that white-tailed deer moved neonates farther faster from birth-sties than did mule deer females. We hypothesized that this observed phenomenon was due to differences in maternal antipredator strategies, to be discussed more later. I examined factors affecting birth dates of these sympatric species at 3 hierarchal levels. At the population level, white-tailed deer birthed 1 month earlier than mule deer, and both species birthed later when rain was reduced during the pre-rut and rut periods. We suggest that the different birthing (and presumably breeding) periods for these sympatric species was not the result of selective pressure against hybridization, but instead was the result of some degree of phylogenetic constraint from parent populations. That is, the white-tailed deer expanded from central Texas where birthing is in mid-June, whereas the mule deer (O. h. eremicus) originated from southwestern deserts where birthing is synchronized with convective rain storms later in summer. At the individual level, older and heavier females birthed earlier. Reproductive success from the previous year may have greater effect on timing of breeding and birthing at other sites than at our study site because females seemed to invest relatively little energy in rearing fawns at our site. Also, deer birthed later on the more overgrazed ranches, suggesting an inter-generational effect after other factors were accounted for in multiple regression. This deer herd likely exists near a K-carrying capacity that responds positively to rain. As predicted, white-tailed adult females survived better during a period of greater rain than during drought. Unexpectedly, mule deer females that had nearly 100% survival during drought had reduced survival 2 years after the substantial rains of 2004. We hypothesize that the rains of 2004 directly and indirectly created an environment more favorable for disease transmission. Reproductive rates were high for both species, but were reduced in 2006 following reduced rain in the pre-rut and rut period of 2005, although mule deer females may have been stressed for the reason previously cited. Hemorrhagic diseases were chronically endemic in both species, but white-tailed deer are thought to have previously obtained enzootic stability in Texas. Overall, mule deer fawns succumbed more to sickness and starvation, and white-tailed fawns were killed more by bobcats (Lynx rufus). Even in 2004, one of the wettest summers in west Texas history, sickness-starvation was the biggest killer of mule deer fawns. Apparent diseases were numerous, and diseases associated with domestic sheep may have been more pathogenic than those associated with cattle. Mule deer kept fawns nearby and close together to protect them from seemingly overabundant small predators (e.g., bobcats and foxes), in the absence of larger predators such as coyotes (Canis latrans). In contrast, white-tailed females separated fawns and were generally removed from them during the fawn hider phase, 3 weeks postpartum. Given the long evolutionary history of white-tailed deer with many large predators, this loose cohesion antipredator strategy may be adaptive in the presence of large predators, but was maladaptive in their absence because extirpation of large predators can release populations of smaller predators that could be defended against. While bobcats tended to kill healthy fawns, bobcat predation may be to some degree compensatory, as the only appreciable top-down limiting factor on this deer herd, if the long-term effect is to alleviate negative density-dependent consequences of life near K-carrying capacity. Data from adult female weights and survival and fawn survival, thymus glands, weight gain, new hoof growth, birth dates, and weaning dates indicated that this deer population was chronically stressed near a carrying capacity that fluctuated with rain, and that females invested relatively energy in rearing fawns. We suggest that it was pathogens introduced by livestock ranchers that were responsible for the historic decline of a naïve mule deer herd in west Texas. Mule deer appear to have developed some immunity and may eventually achieve enzootic stability similar to white-tailed deer. Human use of these private lands and the unhealthy deer herd has been consistent for decades and likely will remain so. Responsible deer management is impossible where human land-use practices affect ecology and demographics across fence-lines and top-down limitation is negligible. We recommend research into alternative economic means and public ecological education of youth and adults as the management action with greatest potential for desirable results.Item Examining the world of subcultural existence: a descriptive analysis of African American management experiences and values(Texas A&M University, 2007-04-25) Stephens, Chandra D.As today's global businesses acknowledge the criticality of being competitive in international markets, this new awakening also compels these businesses to not just understand the diverse cultures across which they manage and operate, but to also recognize the impact of their own cultural grounding within their business contexts. However, there is comparatively less attention given to the subcultural aspects of business culture. Acknowledging a gap in research examining attitudes of subcultures in a single nation to particular management approaches, Peppas conducted a comparative study in 2002 between the subcultures of African Americans and Euro Americans regarding 18 values statements framed around the managerial functions. This study builds upon that quantitative research addressing specifically the management values of the African American subculture. However, while this study is similarly framed around some values examined in Peppas' research, the purpose of this study was to explore the African American subcultural experiences in practice through qualitative inquiry, presenting the informants' emic views to understand uniqueness or commonalities of their management values (attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors). The methodology utilized a purposive sample of 10 African American managers across technology, financial services, oil and gas, healthcare, and banking industries. This basic qualitative, exploratory study employed semi-structured interviews framed around some of the management values examined in the Peppas study in 2002. The data specifically revealed insight regarding aspects of management values of planning, evaluating, innovating; organizing and controlling; recruiting, selecting, rewarding; leadership; communication; and relationships between work and social life. The findings in this study mainly corroborate the findings of related values in the Peppas study of 2002. However, interpretation of the informants' behavioral experiences sometimes contrasted to their expressed beliefs. Emergent themes reveal a consistency in the belief of these African American managers that they are observed more closely than other non-minority managers and that they are challenged and tested by others particularly because they must prove their worthiness. Also, entrenched educational values proved common across all informants' experiences.Item Expenditure patterns within an occupational group: teachers and non-teachers(Texas Tech University, 2004-05) Salim, Juma KNumerous studies of expenditure patterns have been conducted over aggregated occupational categories. However, there are few studies that specifically compare and contrast expenditure patterns among industry groups within an occupational field. This research examined the hypothesis that teachers' expenditure patterns were lower than administrators/managers and professionals who are grouped together in the manager/professional occupational field by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). It was also hypothesized that there were statistically significant differences in expenditure patterns within each industry group while controlling for some socio-demographic factors and consumer life cycle variables. The sample size of 3,976 was drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) interview tapes for the years 1995 through 2001. It consisted of 611 teachers, 1,353 administrators/managers, and 2,012 professionals. Multivariate Tobit analysis was used to examine statistical relationships related to expenditures for each of the groups of interest. Fourteen consumption categories (food at home, food away from home, alcoholic beverages, housing, apparel and services, transportation, health care, entertainment, personal care, reading materials, education, miscellaneous expenditures, cash contributions, and personal insurance and pensions) were treated as dependent variables and regressed against total expenditure (as a proxy for income), life cycle variables, region of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, and education of the reference persons. The descriptive analysis of the expenditure patterns illustrated that differences existed among administrators/managers, teachers, and professionals with respect to their distributions of expenditures. Findings indicated not only how industry group membership influences spending over the life cycle, but also ways in which consumer units make substitutions in consumption to meet their needs. The average total expenditures by teachers were lower by 15.3% and 16.5% than those of professionals and administrators/managers respectively. The total expenditure (as a proxy for income) was a driving force in determining the level of expense for all expenditure categories investigated. Occupation was shown to have significant effects for most items also. Various life cycle stages and other socio-demographic factors such as region of residence, race of the reference person, educational attainment, occupational group, and sex of the reference person were all found to be significant determinants of the pattern of expenditures within each occupational group. Statistically significant differences in spending patterns among teacher, professional, and administrator/manager consumer units were found for nine out of fourteen expenditure categories after controlling for socio-demographic factors. The findings have important implications for various agencies of the government at the federal, state and local levels, and for the business sector as well. They can facilitate development of a useful public policy and programs by government or community agencies that may help in reducing the recruitment and retention problems facing the education sector in the U.S. Businesses can use the results of this study as a guide for market segmentation in the potential areas.Item Factors influencing organizational structure(Texas Tech University, 1968-08) Coffee, Lee StanleyNot availableItem Financial counseling management(2012-12) Mazzolini, Angela; Durband, Dorothy B.; Froeschle, Janet G.; Nieto, Meredith J.This portfolio is a compilation of work done in an Interdisciplinary Master’s program entitled Financial Counseling Management. The three areas of study are Personal Financial Planning, Counselor Education and Management. The reflection paper illustrates how all three of the areas of study work together to form one degree and also illustrates how learning objectives from each area were put to use in an organization. The remainder of the portfolio is comprised of papers that best represent each of the three areas of study.
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