Browsing by Subject "MMPI"
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Item Demoralization as a Factor in a Vocational Rehabilitation Population Using the Demoralization Scale (RCd) of the MMPI-2-RF(2012-08-15) Wishart, Alfred B.; Casenave, GeraldBACKGROUND: Demoralization has come to be recognized as an essential element of psychological health. Its prevalence and role as a factor in discreet populations has been studied such as with medical and psychiatric populations though not in the field of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR). In most of this research, the Demoralization Scale (RCd) of the MMPI-2-RF was not used. This study looks at the prevalence of demoralization in a VR population using the RCd. SUBJECTS: The subjects for this study (N = 54) were evaluated for vocational potential by the University Rehabilitation Services (URS) in the Department of Rehabilitation Counseling at the Southwestern School of Health Professions. They were referred by the Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services (DARS) of Texas except for one client who was self-referred. METHOD: Basic demographic data (age, ethnicity, IQ, and gender), along with the scores of the MMPI-2-RF scales were gathered. Comparisons were made between the study population and normative populations for the prevalence and degree of demoralization. Further, two correlation analyses were run. The first was for intercorrelations between the RCd and the other Restructured Clinical Scales (RCS) of the MMPI-2-RF and the Clinical Scales (CS) of the MMPI-2. The second, was for intercorrelations between the RCd and other, selected scales of the MMPI-2. RESULTS: The prevalence of demoralization in the study population was higher than in the general population. There were data to suggest that the degree of demoralization in the study population was greater than in the general population, though further research is needed to confirm this. The data on the intercorrelations between the RCd, the RCS, and the CS replicated earlier research; variations are discussed. Unexpected correlations between the RCd and selected scales for the study population were noted and discussed. DISCUSSION: DISCUSSION: The higher prevalence of demoralization in the study population than in the normative population bears particular significance for VR. Research has shown that demoralization is a key factor in psychological health and in VR. The degree of demoralization in the study population is high and further research is needed to determine if there is are greater degrees of demoralization in a VP population as compare to a normative population. For correlations of the RCd to other scales, there were several unexpected differences in the intercorrelations between the RCd, the RCS, the CS. These data suggest that the study population may have a higher prevalence of somatic symptoms and antisocial traits, and a lower prevalence of cynicism. The strong correlation between the RCd and the WRK scale suggests that demoralization may be a key factor in VR. The absence of recent data on the prevalence of demoralization in the general population diminished the generalizability of the findings. However, the results of this study revealed gaps in the literature that provide direction for future investigations. [Keywords: demoralization, hope, vocational rehabilitation, restructured clinical scales, MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF]Item The MMPI-2 restructured clinical (RC) scales and measurement of depression in epilepsy(2008-09-19) Simmons, Alexander Douglas; Lacritz, LauraThis study examined the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in a sample of 137 patients with epilepsy. The purposes of the current study were (1) to provide information regarding the psychometric performance of the RC Scales in an epilepsy population, and (2) to examine interpretive characteristics of the RC Scales in an epilepsy population. Internal consistency, internal discriminant validity, and external discriminant and convergent validities were assessed for select RC Scales. Results indicated that the RC Scales showed a modest improvement in general psychometrics over the Clinical Scales. Specifically, the RC Scales displayed slightly better internal consistency and lower scale intercorrelations. Using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self Report (IDS-SR) as a criterion, RCd ("demoralization") outperformed RC2 ("low positive emotions") and Scale 2 ("Depression") in predicting depressive severity. Throughout this study, results consistently indicated a close relationship between RC Scales measuring depression, anxiety, and health symptoms; this relationship seemed to reflect comorbidity of symptoms rather than substantial construct overlap. Additionally, several subgroups were defined based on Clinical Scale scores (i.e., a "conversion V" group, a "floating profile" group), and IDS-SR scores; RC Scale scores were examined in these groups. Subjects who demonstrated the conversion V profile tended to have large elevations on RC1 in the absence of comparable elevations on RCd and RC2, and a low score on RC3. Those with a floating profile showed only slight elevations on RCd, RC1 ("health complaints"), RC2, and RC8 ("aberrant experiences"). Subjects classified as at least moderately depressed using the IDS-SR, had only mild elevations on RCd and RD8, with highest elevation for RC1. In summary, the RC Scales showed acceptable performance in this sample, though they were differentially elevated in comparison to the Clinical Scales, indicating that even slight elevations on the RC Scales should be carefully considered in interpretation.Item The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales and Personality Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis(2011-02-01T19:31:14Z) Rosvall, Traci; Lacritz, LauraMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system disease commonly accompanied by mood changes and cognitive deficits. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is frequently used in MS but has been criticized for its inclusion of items referring to neurologic content. MS patients may accurately endorse physical symptoms, which may lead to multiple scale elevations due to the extensive item overlap across the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales. Many published studies have documented elevations on Scales 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 in MS. In 2003, Tellegen et al. used factor analysis and a construct validity-guided approach to adapt the MMPI-2 and create a set of Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales that included 388 items. The RC scales have attracted significant attention, with evidence of improved psychometric properties, but also criticism about their conceptual foundations and applications. This study had three broad goals. The first was to compare psychometric properties in the RC and Clinical Scales in an MS sample. Secondly, profiles were examined to compare the association between somatic symptoms and the RC and Clinical Scales. Third, the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and the RC and Clinical Scales was investigated. Scores from the RC and Clinical Scales and several cognitive measures were examined from 84 patients in an outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Results showed higher item-total correlations and lower inter-scale correlations for the RC Scales compared to the Clinical Scales, although internal consistency coefficients were comparable or better for the Clinical Scales. Thus, internal consistency findings were mixed with regard to improvement for the RC Scales, while some evidence of higher discriminant validity was found. Somatic and cognitive symptoms were associated with higher Clinical Scale elevations compared to their RC counterparts, particularly on Scales 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8, which were clinically significant in this sample. Mean RC Scale scores were within normal limits with the exception of RC1 (Somatic Complaints), indicating less psychopathology in the sample than the Clinical Scales would suggest. Findings support the need for cautious interpretation of Clinical Scale profiles in MS and suggest that the RC Scales may be a useful measure with this population.Item The Relationship Between MMPI-2 Profile Patterns and Treatment Efficacy in a Heterogeneous Pain Population: A Prospective Outcome Study(2007-08-08) Haggard, Robbie A.; Stowell, Anna W.In a prior study, Gatchel, Mayer, and Eddington (2006) demonstrated the utility of an MMPI-2 profile pattern, formerly known as the "Floating Profile", for use with identifying treating outcomes in the context of pain management. Re-termed the "Disability Profile", this profile pattern comprised a large proportion of the sample being studied, and demonstrated several negative treatment outcomes for patients who exhibited such a profile. This current study was an attempt at replicating these findings in a heterogeneous pain population, while also comparing four MMPI-2 profile patterns and five pain categories with various intake and outcome measures.