Browsing by Subject "Labeling"
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Item Background Knowledge, Category Labels, and Similarity Judgment(2011-10-21) Yu, Na-YungLabels are one source of our judgments. By assigning labels to objects, we not only create references but we also group prior and current experiences together. The goal of this research is to investigate how labels influence our judgments. Previous research on inductive generalization shows that labels can be more important than physical characteristics (the labeling effect), but the mechanism for this effect remains unclear. There are two differing views regarding the role of labels. One view proposes that labels are not essentially different from physical features: shared labels increase overall similarity between two items in the same way as shared physical features. The other view suggests that people have a na?ve theory that shared labels are more special than shared physical features. The goal of this dissertation is to provide evidence that complements these conflicting views. I suggest that the role of labels varies depending on the background knowledge: types of categories (living things vs. man-made objects), amount of knowledge (number of exemplars people could list for the category), and types of labels (categorical vs. indexical). The results from four experiments showed that, for living things, the labeling effect is strong and depends less on the amount of knowledge; for man-made objects, the labeling effect is weak and depends on the amount of knowledge.Item Stereotyping, stigma, and femininity in female sports(2010-12) Chandler, Clare E.; Smithey, Martha; Dunham, Charlotte C.; Henry, JudiThe purpose of this study is to discuss the experiences of female athletes regarding labeling, the social construction of reality, and feminine identity. Interviews were conducted, along with a focus group, and data were analyzed using the grounded theory method. The findings of this study discuss stereotypes of femininity, stereotypes made by society, athletes, and coaches and administration, as well as the reactions to these stereotypes by female athletes. What this discussion concludes is that appearance is the main factor in all of these areas. While other factors, such as heterosexual behavior and age come into play, appearance is the salient concept across all of these themes.