Browsing by Subject "Institutions"
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Item A collaborative challenger : using WikiLeaks to map the contours of the journalistic paradigm(2012-05) Coddington, Mark Allen; Reese, Stephen D.; Gil de Zúñiga, HomeroAs institutional and professional journalism faces increasing uncertainty about its financial security and social influence, it is also being challenged by emerging forms of networked journalism that rely on open, network-based flows of information. In 2010, one of those networked groups, WikiLeaks, rose to prominence through a series of large, high-profile leaks of government information. Drawing on the concepts of paradigm repair and professional boundary work, this study examined the way numerous professional news organizations portrayed WikiLeaks as being beyond the bounds of professional journalism. Through a textual analysis of discourse about WikiLeaks from the group’s inception in 2006 through early 2011, the study found that the American professional news media depicted WikiLeaks as unreliable, unstable deviants who maliciously and indiscriminately released information rather than properly performing journalism. The discourse portrayed WikiLeaks as being outside journalism’s professional norms in four primary areas: institutionality, reporter-source relationships, original reporting, and objectivity. In doing so, professional journalists defended those domains against WikiLeaks’ networked alternative, reasserting their own social value and authority by arguing for the superiority of their professional journalistic model. Discourse from professional media criticism, conservative and liberal alternative news media, and European journalism was also examined, using the response to WikiLeaks to help form a a map of several areas of the journalistic sphere in terms of their adherence to the paradigmatic tenets of professional journalism. The WikiLeaks case provides a useful guide for evaluating future interactions between professional and networked journalism, particularly professional journalism’s evolving self-definition vis-à-vis its emerging networked counterpart.Item Factors in admission of children to state-administered facilities for people with intellectual disabilities(2013-05) Shelby, Elizabeth; Bryant, Diane Pedrotty; Yates, James R.Texas houses the largest number of school-aged individuals with intellectual disabilities in state-administered institutions than any other state in the nation. Despite current conditions of legal and procedural constraints on such placements, the number of admissions of school-aged individuals has been increasing in recent years. Prior to conducting this study, a review of literature was completed, which provided an historical overview of the care for people with intellectual disabilities, the damaging effects of institutionalization in all areas of child development, and the reasons for placement of children with intellectual disabilities in institutions was completed. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the decision-making processes involved in the placement of individuals under the age of 22 in Texas state supported living centers and the community services determined as necessary. Surveys were distributed to five groups of individuals who are typically involved in the decision-making process: parents of current residents under age 22 of state supported living centers, Local Authority interdisciplinary team members, local Community Resource Coordination Group interagency members, local County Judges, and the Directors of the state supported living centers. A sixth group surveyed included parents who sought placement for their child in the institution, but accepted Medicaid waiver-funded community-based services instead. Although the families expressed a strong commitment to keep their family member at home as long as possible, the results indicate that the Local Authority for intellectual disability services influences the majority of families' decisions to place their child in the institution as well as a severe lack of appropriate, adequate and accessible community-based services to meet the needs of families. Both parent groups rated improved public school and personal attendant services as the most necessary for the prevention of out-of-home placement. The availability of behavior supports and respite services were viewed by both the parents and the professionals as important in preventing out-of-home placement.Item Institutions and Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) Value Creation(2012-02-14) Zhu, HongCross-border Merger and Acquisitions (M&As) are an increasingly important strategy adopted by firms in order to create value in fiercely competitive global markets. Cross-border M&A value creation, that is, wealth creation for shareholders from cross-border M&As, is therefore of considerable theoretical and practical importance. However, our understanding of the sources of cross-border M&A value creation remains limited. Researchers have found that the most commonly researched variables have little effect on cross-border M&A value creation. We therefore still do not understand the processes behind cross-border M&As. In this is dissertation I examine the main effects of host country regulatory, economic and physical infrastructure institutions on cross-border M&A value creation. I further examine the moderating effects of host country political institutions on the relationship between host country regulatory institutions and cross-border M&A value creation. Moreover, I investigate the effects of institutional distance between host and home country on cross-border M&A value creation. I argue that the effects of institutional distance (regulatory and economic distance) on cross-border M&A value creation are not symmetric, but rather the effects are contingent upon the direction of the distance. My hypotheses are tested on a sample of 6141 cross-border M&As between 1995 and 2003. Results of this analysis show that acquirers are more likely to create value by acquiring targets in countries with less advanced regulatory institutions. Further, my results indicate that host country political institutions positively moderate the relationship between host country regulatory institutions and cross-border M&A value creation. Host country economic institutions have an inverted U-shaped relationship with cross-border M&A value creation, and host country physical infrastructure institutions have a positive relationship with cross-border M&A value creation. Additionally, results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between institutional distance and cross-border M&A value creation. The findings suggest that the effects of regulatory and economic institutional distance on cross-border M&A value creation are not symmetric. The effects are contingent upon the direction of the distance. That is whether the level of host country institutions is higher or lower than that of home country institutions. Implications for management and public policy are discussed.Item La Corruption dans les romans de Balzac: une étude des personnages, des institutions et des mœurs(2013-05) Latimer, Stacey C; Bains, Christopher; Edwards, Carole; Price, JosephLa corruption chez Balzac se focalise sur l’intrigue au sens plein du terme et sur les motivations des personnages, des institutions et de la société. A travers les œuvres de La Comédie humaine, Balzac conçoit sa propre société avec Paris comme le cadre d’une mise en scène. Le lien entre les œuvres crée la possibilité de l’observation de la corruption dans le développement des personnages et des intrigues. L’effet de cette corruption se manifeste de diverses manières et traverse toutes les classes sociales. Génie descriptif, Balzac laisse infiltrer la corruption dans les détails de ce monde parisien selon sa vision réaliste. La vision de la corruption de Balzac est essentiellement que personne n’évite la corruption et que la corruption soit inévitable dans la société et chez les gens. Dans la vision de corruption de La Comédie humaine, on voit clairement que chaque œuvre, chaque personnage, chaque circonstance et chaque détail expriment la vue unique de l’artiste chez l’écrivain. Ainsi, le lecteur peut voir ce monde corrupteur et monstrueux de Paris à travers les descriptions de Balzac. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer que la corruption dans La Comédie humaine est inévitable et puissante et que la corruption influence chaque détail et chaque personnage.Item Organizations and ethics : antecedents and consequences of the adoption and implementation of the ethics and compliance officer position(2011-05) Chandler, David, 1969-; Haunschild, Pamela R.; Henderson, Andrew D.; Kilduff, Martin; Kraatz, Matthew S.; Rindova, Violina; Westphal, JimAs open systems, organizations interact with their environments and respond to laws, norms, and other pressures to conform in search of societal legitimacy. Organizations, however, are far from uniform in their responses to institutional pressures. As entities with idiosyncratic sets of values and prior experiences, organizations act according to a mix of established patterns of behavior and perceived self-interest. One result may be conformity in adoption, but variance in implementation. This is particularly true of issues such as ethics, where ambiguous and evolving definitions of expected behavior encourage organizations to respond with varying degrees of substance. This dynamic environment is made more complex by pressures that ebb and flow in wave-like patterns of intensity as societal attention coalesces around specific events and then dissipates. This study examines how firms respond to shifts in pressures for greater ethical behavior by appointing an Ethics and Compliance Officer (ECO), from 1990 to 2008. In particular, I demonstrate that, while firms make adoption decisions in response to broad, field-level forces, it is firm-specific factors that determine resource commitments in implementation. I also test the hypothesis that an organization’s implementation decisions are consequential, with greater benefits gained by firms that commit more resources to the ECO position. As such, this study identifies important antecedents and consequences of adoption and implementation behavior that help explain organizational heterogeneity in the face of institutional pressures to conform.