Browsing by Subject "Inflammation."
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Item The effects of fish oil supplementation on inflammation markers in chronic kidney disease patients.(2011-01-05T19:37:39Z) Deike, Erika.; Bowden, Rodney G., 1966-; Cooke, Matthew B.; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the daily consumption of fish oil, containing 2.4g of n-3 fatty acids (1400 mg Eicosapentaenoic acid + 1000 mg Docosahexaenoic acid), on pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α for 8 weeks in CKD patients, stages 2-5. One prevalent characteristic of all stages of CKD is excessive production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fish oil supplementation has been claimed to lower the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, and as a result decrease the severity of inflammatory diseases. The benefits of fish oil supplementation for an extensive range of populations and a variety of health concerns are apparent, yet the anti-inflammatory benefits for stages 2-5 CKD patients are not as well documented. Consequently, continued studies in this area are clearly needed. Thirty-one individuals completed the current study, with 17 subjects in the fish oil group, while 14 subjects were included in the comparison group (safflower oil). Separate Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to measure changes in the primary outcome variables using a 2 (fish oil or safflower oil) x 2 (time points) design. Significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. The results of this study showed that fish oil supplementation does not decrease plasma pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in CKD patients, stages 2-5. The analysis of TNF-α levels revealed no significant difference across time (p = 0.92) or between groups (p = 0.94). However, there was a group by time interaction, (p = 0.03). The analysis between IL-6 levels and treatment resulted in no significant difference across time (p = 0.30), between groups (p = 0.15), nor was there a significant group by time interaction with the trends across time differing by group membership (p = 0.82). Finally, the analysis between treatment and IL-1β resulted in no significant difference in IL-1β levels across time (p = 0.17), between groups (p = 0.26) nor treatment-by-time interaction either (p = 0.44). The supplementation of fish oil was not found to decrease markers of inflammation, but did demonstrate that a short-term administration of fish oil is well-tolerated by CKD patients, stages 2-5. But, further investigation is essential to better define the long-term impact of fish oil supplementation in this high-risk population.Item Effects of four weeks of daily soy milk or dairy milk ingestion on the exercise induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in plasma and skeletal muscle in a post-menopausal female population.(2009-08-24T20:26:23Z) Beavers, Kristen Marie.; Willoughby, Darryn Scott, 1963-; Health, Human Performance and Recreation.; Baylor University. Dept. of Health, Human Performance and Recreation.The process of senescence is associated with increasing inflammation and subsequent oxidative stress in the body, both of which can exert negative health effects at local and systemic levels. Attenuation of such processes with novel dietary countermeasures has major public health implications. Soyfoods, as a source of high quality protein, minimal saturated fat, and unique composition of isoflavones may improve such indices, although such effects in healthy older women are not well delineated. To explore this supposition, a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 31 postmenopausal women at Baylor University, Waco TX. After a two week run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to consume three servings of vanilla soy (n=16) or reduced-fat dairy (n=15) milk per day for four weeks. Parameters of systemic inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and oxidative stress (SOD, GPx, COX-2) as well as expression of local inflammation-responsive genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, NF-κB) were measured prior to supplementation, at four weeks post supplementation, and after an eccentric exercise bout performed to elicit an inflammatory response. A significant group by time effect for plasma TNF-α was observed (p = 0.04), with TNF-α values for the soy group appearing to stay consistent during the exercise period, while the TNF-α values for the dairy group increased post-supplementation, decreased from T2-T4, and then returned to baseline by T6. Significant time effects were observed for plasma SOD (p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001), and muscle expression of IL-6 (p < 0.01) and IL-1β (p<0.01). Despite good dietary compliance, overall results from our study do not support the notion that four weeks of daily soy milk ingestion can attenuate systemic or local elevations in markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. However, data do suggest that the downhill running protocol utilized in this study can be effective at altering systemic and local markers of inflammation, and that ingestion of soy may help to maintain plasma TNF-α levels even when exposed to a stress inducing stimulus, although more data exploring this conjecture is certainly warranted.