Browsing by Subject "Hygiene"
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Item Global and specific measures of power and self-esteem in women's experience with condom use(Texas Tech University, 2002-08) Boyd, SharlaThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between power, selfesteem, and condom use for women. A final sample of 122 female college students, who were currently or recently in a romantic relationship involving sexual intercourse, filled out questionnaires about global self-esteem, sexual self-esteem, perceived global power within the relationship, perceived sexual power within the relationship, and sexual behavior. Global self-esteem, sexual self-esteem, global power, and sexual power did not account for a significant amount of the variance in condom use for women. Hypotheses stating that the specific measures of power and self-esteem would better predict condom use for women than global measures were not confirmed. Furthermore, power (global or specific) did not moderate the relationship between self-esteem (global or specific) and condom use. However, a single item asking about perceived power (compared to one's partner) to make decisions about condom use did account for a significant amount of the variance in condom use. In addition, 19% of the sample indicated that in their current or most recent romantic relationship involving sexual intercourse, there had been at least one time when they had wanted their partner to use a condom, but their partner did not use a condom.Item New courtyard housing in China(2014) Su, Si; Benedikt, MichaelBeijing courtyard is a traditional type of residence in Beijing, China. In ancient times, a courtyard would be occupied by a single, usually large family. Today, Beijing courtyard are still used as housing complexes, however, many lack modern facilities, and also the users of courtyard become multi-families, instead of one single big family. The overpopulation issue also changed the courtyard's appearance and function, reducing its formality, consistency and traditionality, because people living in courtyard started to add extra elements to meet their growing demands. Moreover, because the land value around courtyard is so high that governement can only provide a limited number of public toilet to people living in courtyard, which lead to a poor standard of hygiene in the traditional courtyard area. And also, there are other issues, like lacking necessary facilitiess, inconvenient transportation and negative aspect for historic preservation. In a word, there is a great protential to make people living in the traditional courtyard enjoy a better life.Item Picturing the peasant : nation and modernity in 20th century Bulgaria(2013-05) Hillhouse, Emily Anne; Neuburger, Mary, 1966-This dissertation examines representations of the Bulgarian peasant in order to explore how nationalist, agrarian and ultimately communist governments attempted to negotiate the meaning of "modernity" in predominantly rural Bulgaria. This work is not intended as a survey of displays of folk culture in the 20th century, but instead focuses each chapter on an important person, movement or organization which best seems to articulate Bulgaria's evolving sense of itself and its place on the edge of Europe. Beginning with a background chapter on the 1878-1917 period, I trace the foundation and development of ethnographic display, representations of peasants in the interwar educational press, campaigns to improve village hygiene and culture, alpine tourism, and the ever-changing image of peasants in propaganda from the years of agrarian rule in the 1920s through the early decades of communism. My dissertation explores the contested meanings of peasant images in Bulgaria's changing political and social milieu. Bulgaria's acceptance into first Europe and later the Soviet sphere of influence was for many nation-builders predicated upon her ability to attain European and later Soviet-style modernity. However, these modernities were based upon ideas of industrialization and urbanization. In the middle of the 20th century, however, Bulgaria's economy was still overwhelmingly agricultural. This represented a problem for Bulgaria's nation builders. Confronted with these seeming contradictions, different regimes attempted to incorporate the rural population into their visions of a modern Bulgaria. The changing nature of this imagined Bulgaria can be best elucidated through images of the Bulgarian peasantry. At one moment incorporated and at another excluded, modern and backward, embraced and reviled, the imagined peasantry reveals the anxieties and aspirations of Bulgarian state builders in the 20th century.