Browsing by Subject "Hope"
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Item The emotional appeal of hope and the effects of logo in cause-related marketing(2015-05) Choi, Tae Rang; Close, Angeline; Drumwright, Minette EThis research experimentally investigates the interactive effects between two different types of hope and logo existence on advertising effectiveness. In particular, this study explains distinct hope types using a regulatory focus and examines whether the interaction of hope types and the pink ribbon logo impacts consumers’ positive attitude toward the advertisement and the brand, and their purchase intention. Results reveal that a promotion hope focused advertising yields positive consumer attitude toward the advertisement when the advertisement deploys the pink ribbon logo. On the contrary, consumer attitude toward the advertisement was more favorable to a prevention hope focused advertising message when it did not display the pink ribbon logo. Implications and future research suggestions are provided.Item Exploring the Role of Positive Psychology Constructs as Protective Factors Against the Impact of Negative Environmental Variables on the Subjective Well-being of Older Adults(2011-08-08) Pezent, Ginger DianeThe present study explored how older adults adapt to the negative changes that often occur as people age. This study sought to provide a comprehensive investigation of how the positive psychology variables of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy might work together to serve as protective factors against the potentially deleterious impact of negative environmental variables on the subjective well-being of older adults. The negative environmental variables examined in this study included declining health status, lower social support, and negative life events (e.g., loss of spouse, reduced income, etc.). In this study, the subjective well-being in older adults is defined as an overall sense of satisfaction with life, high positive affect, and low negative affect. This study examined three primary hypothesized models, each investigating how positive internal dispositional factors (as measured by taking the composite of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy), work together to mediate the relationship between the components of subjective well-being and a different environmental variable for each model. Several alternative path analyses models were also run based on modifications to the model that achieved good fit, with the goal of evaluating whether the individual positive psychology constructs either fully or partially mediated between certain environmental variables and each of the components of subjective well-being. Although no adequate fits were attained for the models evaluating social support and negative life events, results of this study showed an adequate fit for the model evaluating the positive psychology cluster as a mediator between health status and the subjective well-being components; more specifically, the positive psychology cluster was shown to mediate the relationship between perceived health and two of the three components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and positive affect). In addition, correlation analyses revealed that the positive psychology variables were all significantly correlated with each other, as well as with the participant reports of life satisfaction, positive affect, and perceived health. These findings suggest that participants who reported higher levels of the positive psychology constructs experienced higher satisfaction with life and positive affect, and perceived themselves as having a lower occurrence of health problems. Overall, these results provide additional evidence for the protective role that hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy may play in maintaining the well-being of older adults.Item Hope and negotiating life after a residential post-secondary program : perspectives of blind adults(2010-12) Yoder, Diane Lynn; Parker, Randall M., 1940-; Schaller, James L; Falcomata, Terry S; Brooks, Gene I; Glesne, Corrine EThis study investigates the individual outcomes of blind adults after completing residential post-secondary training. Their reflections on life before during and after the program provide understanding into complex personal issues. The narrative data revealed program factors that had an influence on individual outcomes. This study uses Snyder's hope theory as a conceptual framework to aid in the understanding and interpretation of these individual outcomes. Hope has been found to have significant positive impact on rehabilitation issues; it is a mediating factor in the adjustment to blindness (Snyder, Lehman, Kluck & Monsson, 2006). This study extends the work of Jackson, Taylor, Palmatier, Elliott & Elliott (1998) who investigated the relation of hope to visual impairment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was two-fold. First, the investigation seeks knowledge about how blind adults negotiated life after completing a residential post-secondary program. The second purpose was describing and understanding the role of hope in this negotiation of life. This systematic inquiry relies on a qualitative design in which case study methods are incorporated. Interviews and follow-up interviews were conducted with 7 participants over a period of 18 months. Recurring themes and sub-themes were identified through use of the constant comparative method of coding. Further reduction across the cases highlighted thematic concepts through the use of multi-case displays. The findings resulted in 4 main themes with 2 sub-themes each. Major themes include how participants establish housing and post-secondary activities such as work or training after the program, how they respond to expectations, whether or not they continue using the skills learned during their residential training and what they have done to establish goals and vocational pursuits. There is evidence of differences among the individual outcomes though each participant experienced equivalent training. Results highlight the influences on motivation such as family, blind mentors, vocational development and reliance on alternative techniques. Results indicate there are differences among participants regarding the hope construct specifically in pathway and agency thinking. Individual and programmatic recommendations and implications for future research are addressed; strategies for incorporating the emerging issues of this study into early education of blind children are presented.Item Hope as a process and an orientation: a qualitative study of American young adults' relationship with change, difficulty, and uncertainty(2008-05) Alexander, Elizabeth Smith, 1954-; Schallert, Diane L.In this study I explored the intrapersonal and interpersonal differences among individuals who maintained higher levels of hope for their personal future, with lower hope peers who similarly were experiencing challenging and uncertain circumstances. I administered self-report measures of hope and social connectedness to 76 American young adults aged between 18 and 22 years, in order to sample purposively participants who exemplified higher and lower levels of hope. I used qualitative data from semistructured interviews with 13 individuals recruited from three field sites to develop the current model of hope, then tested the model against an additional three individuals from a separate field site, who had scored highly on hope, in order to establish its generalizability. Total interview time with each of the original 13 participants lasted between two and four hours and I coded the resulting transcription data from audio taped discussions for categories and main themes according to grounded theory guidelines. The emergent model of hope comprised five themes, namely: 1) The Initiating Context: Perceptions of challenge and uncertainty; 2) Temporal Comparisons: Envisioning the future, being realistic about the present, learning from the past; 3) Developing Strategies: Values, goals, planning, and action; 4) Drawing on personal and social resources; 5) Openness and flexibility about outcomes. These data suggested that the higher hope participants differed from their lower hope peers with respect to their relationship with change, difficulty, and uncertainty. The higher hope young adults engaged in a process of hoping that relied on an overall positive orientation toward life. This combination of process and orientation better enabled them to take action, exert control, and regulate the fear experienced when faced with ambiguous outcomes associated with personally important and difficult circumstances. I compared and contrasted this new, inductively-derived model of hope with current conceptualizations from the psychological, philosophical, and nursing literatures on hope, and discussed its theoretical and practical implications.Item Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, hope, and social connectedness: examining the predictors of future orientation among emerging adults(2009-12) Herrera, Denise E.; Loukas, AlexandraDecisions made during the transitional age of 18-30, may influence the health and well being of individuals for many years to come. Perhaps more than any earlier life stages, emerging adults have the potential to explore new opportunities, develop their own autonomy, and play a more conscious role in shaping their own development, while overcoming difficulties that may have contributed to their vulnerability in an earlier period of life or the present. To date, few studies have focused on the positive or health promoting, psychosocial factors that contribute to future orientation, particularly among emerging adults. Guided by the Theory of Possible Selves and Social Capital Theory, this quantitative study explored the contribution of perceived discrimination, hope, and social connectedness to future orientation, using a web-based survey. The present study found that perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and social connectedness were significantly and hope was marginally related to the future orientation of 151 emerging adults who were current or former members of the AmeriCorps program in the state of New Mexico. The findings remained significant after controlling for race/ethnicity. Social connectedness served as a resource factor in its association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and the outcome of future orientation. Social connectedness also served a protective function, thereby moderating the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and future orientation. Findings suggest that further examination of the potential buffering effects that may offset the negative effects of a risk, such as perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, is warranted. Attention should be given to other potential moderating and/or mediating effects in the relationship between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and future orientation in subsequent studies. Given the uniqueness of the sample in this study, future researchers should continue to examine populations participating in programs such as AmeriCorps. Results from the current study may have important implications for the value of programs that aim to build civic engagement, social connectedness, and leadership among its members and the communities that are served.Item A systems view of hope and the workplace: elements, relationships, context(2007-05) Barron, Lena Annie; Webeck, Mary LeeOver the past six decades, hope has been identified by researchers and philosophers as a complex yet crucial element of health and well-being. Studies have investigated hope in various medical contexts as well as academic and sports settings, most commonly by measuring hopefulness of patients and athletes. Rarely has hope been investigated to understand participants’ lived experiences and perceptions of hope. In America, the healthcare and education industries are facing shortages and high turnover of nurses and teachers, two groups who are expected to nurture hope in others. If hope supports wellness in patients and performance in athletes, might it influence satisfaction in nurses and teachers? To examine this question and understand what hope means to nurses and teachers, Interactive Qualitative Analysis was utilized to produce grounded theories of hope and, hope and the workplace. Through focus groups with each constituency (nurses, teachers), the elements that compose hope were identified, then the elements that interact with hope in the workplace were identified. Interviews with nine nurses and ten teachers were conducted to determine how these elements relate in perceptual systems of cause-effect relationships. A systems representation of hope was developed through the creation and analysis of conceptual mind maps. The resulting theory indicates that hope is composed of faith, relationships, expressions of hope, optimism about the future, and realistic anticipation. Hope is much more than wishful thinking or having the ability to set and achieve goals. This research demonstrates that hope is a multidimensional construct, a system whose elements are perceived and ordered differently by individuals depending on their life experiences and context. A systems representation also was developed to illustrate hope and the workplace through creation and analysis of conceptual mind maps. The resulting theory indicates that eight elements interact with (influence and/or are influenced by) hope in the context of the workplace: spirituality, relationships, resources, organizational structure/system, attitude toward clients, actions for clients, client outcomes, and personal outcomes. This research demonstrates that hope does influence job satisfaction for nurses and teachers.Item The development, construct validity, and clinical utility of the Healthy Humility Inventory(2009-06-02) Quiros, Alexander EdwardResearch on humility has long been handicapped by the lack of a valid and reliable measure. This research focuses on constructing and validating a measure of Healthy Humility, defined as an unexaggerated, open perception of the abilities, achievements, accomplishments, and limitations of oneself and of others - a perception that focuses primarily, but not exclusively, on the value of the non-self. Through a series of two separate studies using a total sample of 678 undergraduates, an 11-item scale scored on a 6-point Likert scale was developed. A third study using a sample of 183 undergraduates used measures of self-esteem, hope, existential meaning, depression, and anxiety to validate and explore the relationship between the Healthy Humility Inventory (HHI) and the aforementioned variables. Regression analyses supported hypothesized relationships between the HHI and measures of hope and existential meaning, and the trend of the relationship between measures of self-esteem and the HHI, though not significant, also followed along the lines of the hypothesized relationship. A hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that the HHI explained a significant amount of variance (p<.05) on measures of depression and anxiety above and beyond that explained by self-esteem.