Browsing by Subject "Heat Integration"
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Item Managing Abnormal Operation through Process Integration and Cogeneration Systems(2014-08-05) Kamrava, ServehFlaring is a common industrial practice that leads to substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, health problems, and economic losses. When the causes, magnitudes, and frequency of flaring are properly understood and incorporated into the design and operation of the industrial plants, significant reduction in flaring can be achieved. In this paper, a process integration approach is presented to retrofit the process design to account for flaring and to consider the use of process cogeneration to mitigate flaring while gaining economic and environmental benefits. It is based on simultaneous design and operational optimization where key flaring sources, causes and consequences of process upsets are identified then included in the energy profile of the process to design a combined heat and power system with special emphasis on discontinuous sources due to process upset. Environmental and economic benefits are weighed against the cost of process retrofitting. A base case study for an ethylene process is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach and to evaluate the process performance under varying abnormal situation scenarios. Finally some safety parameters for part of the process are reviewed.Item Process integration techniques for optimizing seawater cooling sytems and biocide discharge(Texas A&M University, 2007-04-25) BinMahfouz, Abdullah S.This work addresses the problem of using seawater for cooling and the associated environmental problems caused by the usage and discharge of biocides. The discharged biocide and its byproducts are toxic to aquatic lives and must be decreased below certain discharge limits on load prior to discharge. The conventional approach has been to add biocide removal units as an end-of-pipe treatment. This work introduces an integrated approach to reducing biocide discharge throughout a set of coordinated strategies for inplant modifications and biocide removal. In particular, process integration tools are used to reduce heating and cooling requirements through the synthesis of a heat-exchange network. Heat integration among process of hot and cold streams is pursued to an economic extent by reconciling cost reduction in utilities versus any additional capital investment of the heat exchangers. Other strategies include maximization of the temperature range for seawater through the process and optimization of biocide dosage. This new approach has the advantage of providing cost savings while reducing the usage and discharge of biocides. A case study is used to illustrate the usefulness of this new approach and the accompanying design techniques.