Browsing by Subject "Heart rate"
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Item Heart rate entrainment to external auditory rhythm: A pilot study(2017-04-18) Way, Michael Harrison; Dachinger, Carolyn; Miller, Karen; Henderson, CraigHeart rate entrainment to external auditory rhythm has numerous applications to clinical music therapy practice, including increasing arousal or inducing relaxation. However, research regarding the ability of heart rate to entrain to external auditory stimuli is contradictory or incomplete, leading to questions regarding this phenomenon. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate if heart rate can entrain to external auditory stimuli. Eighty-four participants were randomly placed into three testing groups. The baseline heart rate of each participant was measured over a 5 minute period, then, depending on the group, 7%, 10% or 15% was subtracted from the baseline to get the target heart rate. An external auditory stimulus was then played at the target rate for a 15 minute period while heart rate was continuously monitored. Results indicated that there is a possibility of heart rate entrainment at the 7% and 10% level, with statistically significant differences observed between the 7% and 10% groups as well as the 7% and 15% groups. These results align with ideas from previous research and can act as the groundwork for future research exploring heart rate entrainment to other forms of auditory stimuli. The findings from this research could also be used to help music therapists select tempi that are appropriate for relaxation interventions. These findings could also be used for additional research investigating the use of heart rate entrainment as a physiological indicator of consciousness in patients under the disorders of consciousness umbrella.Item PHEROMONES AND INTEROMONES CHANGE HEART RATE AND BEHAVIOR OF ANXIOUS DOGS(2013-05) Thompson, Garrett; McGlone, John J.; Brooks, Tiffanie A.; Norman, Reid L.The objective of the following studies was to evaluate the efficacy of different pheromones/interomones in anxious dogs. Pheromones have been used in the past as alternative methods in behavior modification. Two studies were designed to test the differences in pheromone collars that are now sold currently and to develop new pheromone collars that may aid in behavior modification in the future. The methods for the following studies differed from previous studies on pheromone collars in that our model had a highly controlled environment. Previous studies had surveys at the end of home trials in which owners answered a set of questions about their dogs’ behavior before and after different treatments. We employed a Latin Square experimental design that exposed each subject to each treatment in random order with appropriate wash-out period between treatment applications. Data was summarized in two phases (baseline and startle) in which a trained individual recorded behaviors and heart rate and was unaware of different treatment groups. Additionally dogs were diagnosed as having anxiety by a behavior-boarded veterinarian. The results of these studies aided in the understanding of how anxious dogs react to different pheromones. The data showed that not only did a conspecific pheromone (DAP) create change in behavior and heart rate compared to placebo, but heterospecific pheromones (RP) also created change. This is important because the data supports the idea that anxious dogs do not respond uniformly to each pheromone/interomone, and different pheromones from other species could be used to treat anxiety in dogs.Item Stress responses in horses used in Hippotherapy(Texas Tech University, 2006-08) Pyle, Alycia Anne; Brady, Heidi A.; Lawver, David; McGlone, John J.; Thompson, Leslie D.Hippotherapy is increasingly used to address physical, occupational, speech, and psychological disabilities of clients, but research in this area is limited. The available research concludes that Hippotherapy provides many benefits to the client. Because Hippotherapy utilizes horses as part of the treatment team, it is vital to understand physiological wellness, potential sources of stress, and stress mechanisms in the therapy horse during the therapeutic process. Currently, there is some debate whether horses used for therapy are stressed in therapy situations. The North American Riding for the Handicapped Association (NARHA) recommends that therapy horses complete no more than three-consecutive sessions per day. The objective of this study was to measure potential stress mechanisms in the therapy horse during three-hour consecutive hippotherapy sessions. Five Quarter Horses from the Texas Tech University Therapeutic Riding Center completed two treatments, a control where measurements were taken at rest from 1200 h to 1700 h, and during Hippotherapy where measurements included pre-session (1200 h to 1300 h), three consecutive Hippotherapy sessions (1300 h to1600 h) and post-session (1600 h to1700 h) measurements. Heart rate was measured every three minutes, and blood samples were collected at the beginning of each hour to assess neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios, monocyte counts, basophil counts, eosinophil counts, and cortisol levels. The behavior of each horse was assessed by a modified behavior scale by a NARHA instructor who was blinded to the study results. It was concluded that there was a horse difference for cortisol secretion. Horse by treatment interaction was significant for cortisol, heart rate, lymphocyte count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count, and basophil count. Treatment by time interaction was significant for heart rate. Two of the horses may have been stressed due to higher cortisol and lymphocyte levels. One of these horses scored poorly o the behavior scale and was removed from the program due to increased agitation. However, the other horses were ideal based on desired behavioral traits. Both stress physiological measurements and the behavioral survey may allow therapeutic riding centers to better assess potential therapy horses and determine if current horses are being worked the appropriate amount or if adjustments need to be made.