Browsing by Subject "Gender roles"
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Item Brazilian immigrant women : the relationship of marianismo and acculturative stress to acculturation types(2012-05) Bessa, Luana Barbossa; Borich, Gary D.; Cokley, KevinThe proposed study will investigate how individuals of different acculturation types vary in their levels of acculturative stress and marianismo. First-generation Brazilian immigrant females will complete a demographic questionnaire, as well as measures of acculturation, marianismo, and acculturative stress. Two 1-way ANOVA analyses and one 1-way ANCOVA analysis will be conducted in order to explore the relationship between these variables. It is proposed that Brazilian immigrant women’s levels of acculturative stress and marianismo will vary by acculturation type. It is further proposed that measuring adherance to traditional gender roles as varying by acculturation type rather than level will yield a more nuanced understanding of this relationship by not confounding integrated and marginalized individuals. Implications and limitations of the study’s potential findings will be discussed. Lastly, a program evaluation perspective will be presented to further explicate the implications of the current study for mental health outcomes and the provision of mental health services to Brazilian immigrant women.Item "For what noble cause?" : a media analysis of gender and citizenship within United States nationalist and anti-war rhetoric(2007-05) Green, Stephanie Volkoff, 1979-; Cloud, Dana L.Public understanding of United States citizenship is tied to the rights put forth in the First Amendment, which ostensibly protects the ability to contradict government leaders. However, the Bill of Rights is only one part of a larger symbolic and rhetorical framework of citizenship. It is this larger framework that this project seeks to interrogate. This thesis explores how dissenting voices within the United States, attached to gendered bodies, are silenced by the limited roles available to citizens during a time of heightened nationalism. More specifically, it identifies how normative roles based on gender and citizenship within nationalist rhetoric attempt to limit contemporary anti-war protest, for those citizens who have fulfilled the prescribed roles of mothers and soldiers within the nationalist framework, namely Cindy Sheehan, Veterans for Peace and Iraq Veterans Against War. The study examines the framing of this dissenting speech within the mainstream press and presidential rhetoric for the year following Cindy Sheehan's encampment in Crawford, Texas in August of 2005.Item Gender role conflict and college men : an introductory guide for counselors(2011-05) Sellers, Jeffrey Harlan; Rochlen, Aaron B.; Sherry, AlissaMany young men struggle with mental health issues including depression, anxiety, substance abuse and suicide. Further research has shown that many men have an aversion to help seeking, placing them at greater risk for unresolved mental health issues. In the past thirty years, the Gender Role Conflict framework and related research has emphasized the impact of societal gender roles on men’s psychological problems. Higher education counselors who are familiar with Gender Role Conflict theory and related research will have a potentially useful skill set in counseling male students. This document overviews the Gender Role Conflict paradigm and highlights the most relevant literature for college counselors. Further, practical ideas are offered to help guide counselors in their work with college males, and suggestions for future research are also provided.Item Investigation of gender stereotyping, stress, and coping strategies for women and men in female- and male-dominated occupations(2001) Williams, Esmé Patterson; McCarthy, Christopher J.The role of women is radically changing. Today, some women are entering male-dominated occupations. However, success and survival are not always easy for these women due to unique occupational stressors, such as negative gender stereotyping (Spence & Hahn, 1997: Glick & Fiske, 1997), gender saliency (Spangler, Gordon, & Pipkin, 1978; Davidson & Cooper, 1984), and gender overcompensation (Williams, 1989). Stress is currently perceived as the common cold of psychopathology because it can lead to depression, anxiety, mood disorders and other psychosomatic symptoms. The first purpose of the current study was to investigate the differences of gender stereotyping and stress for women and men in female- and male-dominated occupations. Second, the study examined which coping strategies women and men used when coping with a work-related stressful encounter. There were 103 participants who were presented with a work-related vignette of a stressful nature. They were asked how they would cope with the situation by using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis, & Gruen, 1986), as well as by writing in one to two paragraphs their coping strategy. Subsequently, participants completed a stress scale, Symptom Check List-90-R (Derogatis, 1977), Attitudes Toward Women Scale (Helmreich, Spence & Stapp, 1973), and a demographic questionnaire. From MANCOVA analyses which examined the differences between women and men, and the type of occupation (female- or male-dominated occupation), it was determined that there were significant differences between women and men on the coping strategies used. Other differences were not statistically significant.Item Is play with sex-appropriate toys related to intelligence in 3-year-olds?(Texas Tech University, 2005-08) Loftin, Stacia L.; Caldera, Yvonne M.; Lindsey, Eric W.; Colwell, Malinda J.It is well established that by 18 months, children prefer to play with toys that are culturally appropriate for their gender (Liss, 1983; Caldera, Huston, & O’Brien, 1989). It is also pretty well established that play provides children with opportunities to learn and practice cognitive and social skills (Caldera, Huston, & O’Brien, 1989; Caldera, Culp, O’Brien, Truglio, Alvaraz, & Huston, 1999). The relation between sex-typed toys and cognitive development, however, has not been established. The current study was conducted to investigate this relation in 36-month-old children. In addition, this study explored factors that may contribute to mothers’ providing sex-typed toys to their children. This was tested with Mexican American (MA) mothers who might adhere to traditional gender roles. Forty-seven MA mothers with a 3-year-old child were visited at home and asked to name the number and types of toys their children had. Mothers also filled out questionnaires regarding adherence to traditional gender roles, acculturation, engagement in traditionally feminine child care and household chores. In addition, the children were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development by a trained research assistant in order to asses their cognitive development (MDI score).Item Is play with sex-appropriate toys related to intelligence in 3-year-olds?(2005-08) Loftin, Stacia L.; Caldera, Yvonne M.; Lindsey, Eric W.; Colwell, Malinda J.It is well established that by 18 months, children prefer to play with toys that are culturally appropriate for their gender (Liss, 1983; Caldera, Huston, & O’Brien, 1989). It is also pretty well established that play provides children with opportunities to learn and practice cognitive and social skills (Caldera, Huston, & O’Brien, 1989; Caldera, Culp, O’Brien, Truglio, Alvaraz, & Huston, 1999). The relation between sex-typed toys and cognitive development, however, has not been established. The current study was conducted to investigate this relation in 36-month-old children. In addition, this study explored factors that may contribute to mothers’ providing sex-typed toys to their children. This was tested with Mexican American (MA) mothers who might adhere to traditional gender roles. Forty-seven MA mothers with a 3-year-old child were visited at home and asked to name the number and types of toys their children had. Mothers also filled out questionnaires regarding adherence to traditional gender roles, acculturation, engagement in traditionally feminine child care and household chores. In addition, the children were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development by a trained research assistant in order to asses their cognitive development (MDI score).Item Literature as public sphere : gender and sexuality in Ottoman Turkish novels and journals(2008-08) Yildiz, Hülya; Cvetkovich, Ann, 1957-; Ali, Kamran Asdar, 1961-This study examines the mutually constitutive relationship between the print culture of the late nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire and the framework of social, cultural and political transformations in which that culture operated. This study crosses traditional disciplinary lines between literary studies and intellectual history by arguing for the modification of one of the central premises of modernization theory: the existence of an overtly masculine political public sphere standing in contrast to a supposedly nonpolitical feminine domestic and private sphere. By examining newspapers, magazines, journals, and novels, which reflected the emergence of communities of readers, I show that the print culture became central to the mediation and diffusion of themes in public discourse; and furthermore, I show that it diminished the separation between the public and private spheres as it penetrated into the domestic space and was used to insert issues from the private sphere into the public domain. Arguing that Ottoman intellectuals saw the novel as an instrument to disseminate their political, social, and cultural agendas, I examine Henüz On Yedi Yaşında (Only Seventeen Years Old; 1882) by Ahmet Mithat Efendi, focusing on how gender, ethnicity, and sexuality in early Turkish novels were imagined and represented. Based on my research in Ottoman and Turkish archives between 2004 and 2006, I show how women’s journals ensured the visibility of Ottoman women as writers in the public sphere. Women’s journals established a real intellectual community of women writers and readers who between them overtly introduced a feminist agenda into the public sphere. As part of my project of recovering the cultural work women's novels did within the political arena of nineteenth century Ottoman society, I also discuss the forgotten life and works Fatma Aliye Hanım, one of the first Ottoman woman novelists, analyzing two of her novels, Muhâdarât (1891-92) and Refet (1897). Finally, I explore the reasons why several Ottoman women writers were forgotten after the establishment of the Turkish Republic and why they are not included in the Turkish literary canon today.Item The shared burden of infertility : gender role conformity as a predictor of infertility-related distress and relational health in couples undergoing treatment for infertility(2010-08) Morray, Elisabeth Brooker; Rochlen, Aaron B.; Drum, David; Sherry, Alissa; Ekland-Olsen, Sheldon; Pierce-Davis, CarolThis study explored gender role conformity as a predictor of infertility-related distress and relational health in women and men undergoing treatment for infertility. Other factors that have been linked to infertility-related distress, including diagnosis type, treatment type, and insurance coverage were also explored. Study participants were comprised of 185 women and 147 men who had received a diagnosis of primary infertility and were undergoing medical treatment for infertility. Participants completed an online measure which included the following instruments: the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI: Newton et al., 1999); the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI: Mahalik et al., 2004); the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI: Mahalik et al., 2003); and the Relational Health Indices (RHI: Liang et al., 2001). Findings from the study demonstrate a significant relationship between gender role conformity and infertility-related distress for both men and women. Women reported significantly greater levels of infertility-related distress than did men. Biological sex was a stronger predictor of infertility-related distress than was gender role conformity for both men and women. No significant differences in distress scores were found for individuals grouped by diagnosis type, treatment type, or insurance coverage status were detected. When the couple was used as the unit of analysis, no differences were found between couples with congruent distress scores and incongruent distress scores. Clinical implications linking the study findings with individual and couple-based interventions, as well as ideas for future research, are discussed.Item Sidelined : gender inequality in athletics(2010-05) Hollingsworth, Brian Paul, 1973-; DeCesare, Donna; Burd, GeneThe essence of American women’s struggle to play sports at a competitive level is that for decades the power structure of American professional and scholastic athletics simply didn’t think they should be allowed to play. The various institutions governing athletics of all levels sought first to prevent women from participating in sports at all and later to keep women athletes segregated and barred from playing on men’s teams or competing against them. They have justified this discrimination by citing various outmoded ideas of women’s mental and physical abilities, their perceived frailty, and the erroneous belief that keeping women athletes segregated from men provides a more suitable and more enjoyable athletic experience for both sexes. This report and the accompanying video, Outlaws Rising, examine the legacy of gender inequality in sports and its impact on the Austin Outlaws, a women’s tackle football team.Item STAY-AT-HOME FATHERS AND THE ABSENCE OF MASCULINE IDENTITY(2011-05) Chavarria, Rachel M.; Schneider, Andreas; Roberts, Alden E.The purpose of this in-depth, qualitative study is to better understand the stay-at-home father role, how stay-at-home fathers cope, and the processes at work in the formation of their masculine identity. Using grounded theory as a guide for analysis, this study theorizes that fathers either create their own version of masculinity or, for most, are unaware of masculinity as an issue thereby creating an absence of masculine identity. The fathers that create their own versions of masculinity that deviate from hegemonic masculinity can be classified as men with traditional gender role beliefs. Adopting a new type of masculine identity is a coping strategy for the discrepancy between their beliefs and their role. This finding is consistent with previous research regarding stay-at-home fathers and masculinity. This study’s findings also suggest that there is an absence of masculine identity for fathers with nontraditional gender role beliefs. These fathers have no firm beliefs on the topic of masculinity, have difficultly addressing the topic of masculinity, and view masculinity only in relation to femininity, suggesting that gender is a women’s issue.Item Trick(ster)ing ain't easy : (re)discovering the black butch and (de)stabilizing gender in street lit(2014-05) Key, Patena Starlin; Richardson, Matt, 1969-The following project serves to question the effects of capitalism upon modes of eroticism, misogyny and sexism by focusing upon the black masculine female (butch/stud) within Street Lit. Chapter one defines Street Lit, its importance, and Trick(Ster)ing as a concept. Chapter 2 is a close analysis of two primary texts utilizing Trick(Ster)ing as a method of survival and resistance in a capitalist society. The final chapter discusses the relationship between black female masculinity and misogyny.Item When hell freezes over: disabilities and the ADA(Texas Tech University, 2006-08) Bailey, Kendall B.; Willett, Julie; Milam, RonChanges in disabled gender roles in the media from 1960-2006 and the turning point in 1996 along with slow progress with the ADA in public school systems.