Browsing by Subject "Financial statements"
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Item A study of accountants' procedures performed and bankers' perception of procedures performed in compilations and reviews of financial statements(Texas Tech University, 1981-05) Reed, Ronald OwenNot availableItem A study of current practices in reporting tax matters in the income statement(Texas Tech University, 1951-05) Hoelscher, Melvin GeorgeNot availableItem A study of published audit reports(Texas Tech University, 1957-08) Austin, Walter GeorgeNot availableItem A study of the probabilistic nature of financial statements(Texas Tech University, 1974-05) Hawkins, Ennis MiltonNot availableItem An analysis of the effect of the expectation gap statements on auditing standards on the reporting of going concern(Texas Tech University, 1993-05) Franz, Diana RuthIn 1988, auditors' responsibility for evaluating and reporting on material uncertainties, including going concern, was changed by the issuance of nine Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS). These statements are referred to as the expectation gap (EG) SAS and were promulgated to reduce the gap between public expectations of auditors' responsibility and auditors' service level in providing assurance that financial reporting is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. This research studied the impact of the EG SAS requirements on the financial reporting of entities. Two sub-periods were used for statistical comparisons. The first, or pre-EG SAS period, began with the previous guidance and extended to the transition period when the EG SAS had been issued but were not required guidance. The second sub-period included the transition to the post period, when use of the EG SAS became a requirement. In addition, the overall change from the pre- to the post-EG SAS period was examined.Item An assessment of the needs of external, sophisticated users of financial statements: an empirical study(Texas Tech University, 1977-05) Merei, Issam Jamil,Not availableItem An investigation of city financial statement readers' reaction to dual-basis reporting of general fund operating results: integration or emphasis?(Texas Tech University, 1991-08) Johnson, Laurence ErnestGenerally accepted accounting principles require that a city present two "operating statements" for its General Fund when an operating budget for that Fund has been legally adopted. One statement must be prepared on the modified accrual basis of accounting, as defined. The other statement includes a budget-to-actual comparison of the Fund's financial activities during the fiscal year. The budgetary basis of accounting does not need to be the same as the modified accrual basis, hence, the two statements may present differing information. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relative reliance on the two statements by readers of city financial reports, grouped as (1) citizens, (2) legislative and oversight officials, and (3) investors and creditors. The first two groups were predicted to rely primarily on the budgetary statement, while the third group was predicted to rely on the modified accrual-basis statement. The study's second purpose was to obtain information on the apparent helpfulness of four separate approaches to reconciling (identifying and explaining) the differences between the modified accrual operating statement and the budgetary statement when the latter is prepared on a basis of accounting different from the modified accrual basis.Item An Investigation of the effect of alternative presentation formats on preparers and users of city financial reports(Texas Tech University, 1987-12) Hebert, Marcel GFinancial statements are one of the means by which accounting information is transmitted to individuals interested in the financial affairs of a city. The order in which data is presented determines, to some extent, the totals and subtotals that are included in a financial statement and, consequently, may affect the "messages" conveyed to the readers of the statement. This study was conducted primarily to determine whether the use of alternative presentation formats for the GAAP-based general government operating statement influences the perceptions of preparers and users of city financial reports concerning the impact of current-year operations on the well-offness of cities. Also, the study was intended to provide insight into the opinions of these individuals with regard to (a) the meaning of the term "operating results" and (b) the relative usefulness of several presentation formats for the GAAP-based operating statement for the general government activities of cities. The data, obtained from a mail survey of 1,200 preparers and users of city financial reports, was analyzed by means of multivariate analysis of variance techniques. The results are consistent across respondent types and clearly indicate that the use of alternative presentation formats does influence the perceptions of financial statement readers with regard to whether a city is better off or worse off as a result of current-year general government operations. Also, these results suggest that financial report readers are fixated on the negative aspects of reported revenue-expenditure deficits. The results also indicate that preparers and users of city financial reports consider the general fund to be the most important of the governmental fund types and that the comparison of total resource inflows with total resource outflows best describes or defines the term "operating results" for the general government activities of cities. Further, the results indicate that these individuals (1) prefer operating statements that are presented in a columnar format, (2) prefer formats that provide information on a fund-by-fund basis, and (3) consider the aggregation of information for the operating funds to be useful provided it does not replace the fundby-fund information.Item Communication in auditing:: an examination of investors' understanding of the auditor's report(Texas Tech University, 1976-12) Barnett, Andrew Horn,Not availableItem An examination of persuasive financial communications(2008-05) Winchel, Jennifer Lynn, 1973-; Koonce, Lisa Lynn, 1959-In this dissertation, I provide two essays that examine how parties in the financial communication process attempt to persuade other market participants. In the first essay, I provide a thought piece in which I accomplish two objectives. First, I explain how the financial communications process involves persuasion, which is defined as “any effort to modify an individual’s evaluations of people, objects or issues by the presentation of a message” (Petty and Cacioppo 1986, p. 25). The parties on which I focus are corporate managers, information intermediaries (hereafter, sell-side analysts), and investors. I describe the typical communications among the three dyads represented by these groups (e.g., managers-analysts, analysts- investors, etc.), and argue that it involves persuasion. Second, I introduce one persuasion theory--the persuasion knowledge model (PKM)--and explain how it can increase our understanding of the financial communications process. The PKM outlines additional factors beyond those suggested by economic theory--such as, topic knowledge, persuasion knowledge, and recipient (provider) knowledge--that influence the selection of and reaction to persuasion strategies in financial communications. In the second essay, I use two experiments to investigate one dyad--e.g., analysts-investors--in the communications process. Within these experiments, I examine one persuasion strategy that sell-side analysts might use to persuade investors. I test the hypothesis that including some negative argumentation in a favorable analyst report (e.g., two-sided argumentation) acts as a credibility enhancer and augments investor response to the positive arguments included in the report. I also examine whether this effect depends on how investors view one- and two-sided reports: separately or simultaneously. Experimental results show that two-sided argumentation influences credibility only when one- and two-sided reports are viewed simultaneously. Further, this credibility effect is moderated by the strength of the positive arguments, as credibility is enhanced only when the arguments are weak. In contrast, when one- and two-sided reports are viewed independently, two-sided argumentation does not enhance credibility. Rather, argument strength alone determines credibility, as well as the likelihood of investment. These results suggest that, under certain conditions, sell-side analysts can use attributes of accounting argumentation to enhance the credibility of their favorable research and generate trade.Item Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 14, "The Financial Reporting Entity": tests and analyses for information asymmetry from alternative format options(Texas Tech University, 1997-08) Kinnersley, Randall L.Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statement 14, "The Financial Reporting Entity," requires governments to report discretely presented component units in separate columns on the face of combined financial statements, which also requires a revision of the presentation options for memorandum only totals. The primary purpose of this research was to test for information asymmetry among the nine alternative presentation formats resulting from combinations of three discretely presented component unit alternatives and three memorandum only total options. Five groups of potential readers of government financial statements—government financial officials, auditors of governments, investors and creditors, government managers, and citizenry—were identified to test the consistency of the financial message transmitted. Was a similar financial message transmitted by the nine formats within each reader group and among the five reader groups within each format? Additional tests were completed to identify factors that may have contributed to information asymmetry. Most readers searched beyond the face of the financial statements prior to making decisions. The importance assigned component units was significantly related to the importance of the component units described in the notes—rather than to the information reported on the face of the combined statement—for all reader groups except the citizenry. A significant difference among reader groups in the importance assigned the subtotal "'income before operating transfers" was also identified. Both the citizenry and the investors viewed this subtotal differently than the other reader groups. No convincing evidence was found that a different financial message was received by reader groups, either within or among the nine formats. Exploratory tests found the importance assigned notes was more closely related to the decisions of respondents (significant!) related in many cases) than were the original independent variables—reader groups, formats, and the importance assigned component units. The influence notes had on the importance respondents assigned financial statement information was a key finding. The results of this study may contribute to future decisions by the GASB. The importance given notes in decision-making by the respondents was encouraging. The difference in the importance assigned the income before operating transfers subtotal among reader groups was a concern. Additional research needs to be completed to validate these findings.Item Interim Reports: A Study of the Necessity and the Frequency of Interim Financial Reports(Texas Tech University, 1960-05) Hagstrom, MarkNot Available.Item Management motivation for selection accounting principles: a market-based empirical investigation(Texas Tech University, 1985-08) Chung, Tsai-yenNot availableItem Some criteria for judging materiality(Texas Tech University, 1961-05) Boer, Germain BonifaceNot availableItem A study of controversial organizational action: organizational action and audience reaction in the context of financial restatement(2006) Lange, Donald Allen; Davis-Blake, Alison; Haunschild, Pamela R.Item The analysis of financial statements for investors(Texas Tech University, 1961-05) Anthis, Thomas RaymondNot availableItem The effect of changing price-levels on accounting(Texas Tech University, 1964-08) Martin, AlvinNot availableItem The effect of inventory valuations on selected analytical devices(Texas Tech University, 1967-08) Jackson, James ANot availableItem The potential impact of graphic formatting on the reliability of financial reporting(Texas Tech University, 1983-12) Taylor, Barbara G.Not availableItem The presentation of leases in financial statements(Texas Tech University, 1965-08) Schoonmaker, John TravisNot available