Browsing by Subject "Extremely Poor"
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Item DIFFERENCES IN DISCIPLINE CONSEQUENCE ASSIGNMENTS BY ETHNICITY/RACE, GENDER, AND POVERTY IN TEXAS MIDDLE SCHOOLS: A STATEWIDE ANALYSIS(2017-03-14) Barnes, Mikia J.; Slate, John R.; Martinez-Garcia, Cynthia; Moore, George W.Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to determine the extent to which differences might be present in discipline consequence assignments by student demographic characteristics in Texas middle schools. In the first investigation, the degree to which discipline consequence assignments differed by the degree of student economic disadvantage (i.e., Not Poor, Moderately Poor, or Extremely Poor) was examined. In the second study, the extent to which discipline consequence assignments differed by student ethnicity/race (i.e., Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black) was addressed. Finally, in the third investigation, the degree to which discipline consequence assignments differed by student gender within each of the four major ethnic/racial groups (i.e., Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black) in Texas was determined. These discipline consequences were analyzed for three school years. As such, this multiyear analysis permitted a determination of trends, if present, in the differential assignment of discipline consequences. Method In this multiyear investigation, a non-experimental, causal comparative research design was used. Archival data analyzed in this investigation were previously obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 school years. The degree to which differences were present in discipline consequence assignments by student demographic characteristics in Texas middle schools was determined. Findings For the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 school years, statistically significant differences were established in the assignment of discipline consequences by student demographic characteristic. Data resulting from this 3-year statewide analysis were reflective of strong inequities in the assignment of discipline consequences by student degree of economic disadvantage, by student ethnicity/race (i.e., Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black), and by student gender within each of the four major ethnic/racial groups (i.e., Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black). Results of these analyses were congruent with existing literature. Of note in this study was the presence of a stair-step effect in the assignment of discipline consequences by student degree of economic disadvantage and student ethnicity/race. As such, the inequities delineated herein, may constitute violations of students’ civil rights.Item Differences in Discipline Consequence Assignments by Ethnicity/Race and Economic Status for Texas Grade 6, 7, and 8 Girls: A Statewide Analysis(2017-10-17) Coleman, Crystal L.; Slate, John R.Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to examine the extent to which differences were present in discipline consequence assignments by the ethnicity/race and economic status for Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls in Texas. In the first investigation, the degree to which discipline consequence assignments differed by the ethnicity/race of Grades 6, 7, and 8 girls was addressed. In the second study, the extent to which discipline consequence assignments differed for Black girls by their economic status was investigated. Finally, in the third investigation, the degree to which discipline consequence assignments were different for Hispanic girls by their economic status was determined. The two discipline consequences of in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension were analyzed for four school years and separately for each grade level in each of the three investigations. As such, this multiyear analysis permitted a determination of trends, if present, in the differential assignment of discipline consequences. Method In this multiyear investigation, a non-experimental, causal comparative research design was used. Archival data analyzed in this investigation were previously obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 school years. The degree to which differences were present in discipline consequence assignments by student demographic characteristics (i.e., ethnicity/race and economic status) of girls in Texas middle schools was determined. Findings For all four school years, statistically significant differences were present in the assignment of both in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension by the ethnicity/race and economic status of Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls in Texas. Black girls received the highest rates of these two discipline consequences, followed by Hispanic girls. With respect to economic status, Black and Hispanic girls who were Extremely Poor had the highest rates of these two discipline consequences, followed by Black and Hispanic girls who were Moderately Poor. In this multiyear investigation, a stair-step effect (Carpenter et al., 2006) was clearly present in the assignment of discipline consequences by the ethnicity/race and the economic status of Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls in Texas. Results were congruent with the extant literature.Item Inequities in disciplinary alternative education program placements by ethnicity/race and economic status for Texas middle school students: A multiyear, statewide investigation(2017-05-05) Lopez, Edward L.; Slate, John R.Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to determine the extent to which differences were present in Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement by student demographic characteristics for Grade 6, 7, and 8 students in Texas schools. In the first investigation, the degree to which Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements differed by ethnicity/race (i.e., Black, Hispanic, White, and Asian) for Grade 6, 7, and 8 boys were examined. In the second investigation, the degree to which Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements differed by ethnicity/race (i.e., Black, Hispanic, White, and Asian) for Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls were addressed. Finally, in the third study, the extent to which Disciplinary Alternative Education Program assignments differed by student economic status (i.e., Not Economically Disadvantaged, Moderately Poor, and Extremely Poor) for Grade 6, 7, and 8 students were determined. In each of these three articles, four years of Texas statewide data were analyzed. As such, this multiyear analysis permitted a determination of trends in the differential assignment of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements for Grade 6, 7, and 8 Texas students. Method A causal comparative research design was employed in this quantitative investigation in which four years of Texas statewide data were analyzed. All of the independent variables and the dependent variables had already occurred, thus precluding the possibility of controlling for any extraneous variables. Findings Results were remarkably consistent across all four school years and across all three grade levels. In each of the school years, Black boys and Black girls were assigned statistically significantly higher rates of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements than their Hispanic, White, or Asian peers. Hispanic boys and Hispanic girls also received statistically significantly higher rates of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements than their White and Asian peers. Regardless of ethnicity/race, students who were Extremely Poor had statistically significantly higher rates of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements than their peers who were Not Poor or who were Moderately Poor. The results of these studies were congruent with the existing literature regarding the presence of inequities in the assignment of Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placements.