Browsing by Subject "Ergot"
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Item Alkaloid biosynthesis in Claviceps purpurea PRL 1980 protoplasts(Texas Tech University, 1979-12) Lu, Jean-PhonNot availableItem Ergot infested sorghum for swine and sorghum silage for sheep(Texas Tech University, 2000-08) Abdelrahim, Gamalelden MSorghum is the fifth most important cereal grain in the world after wheat, rice, maize, and barley. Incidence of molds and mycotoxins in commercial animal feed mills, if it exists, is a very serious problem. The first study was conducted to investigate the impact of three levels of sorghum infected with ergot alkaloids on the reproductive performance of swine. Eighteen sows were placed on one of three treatments containing 0 ppm, 12 ppm and 24 ppm ergot alkaloids. With the exception of the control treatment, the same sows were used during the first and second parities. There were six sows per treatment group. Results indicated that combined gain of 28 d old nursing pigs was higher (P < 0.05) for the 24 ppm ergot alkaloids treatment than for 12 ppm. During the first parity, interval to estrus was less (P < 0.05) for the 24 ppm ergot alkaloids treatments than for 12 ppm. Variables that were affected by the level of ergot alkaloids during the second parity were weight of live pigs bom and lactation feed intake. The number of live pigs bom was higher {P < 0.05) for 24 ppm and 12 ppm than for 0 ppm ergot alkaloids. Additionally, lactation feed intake was higher (P < 0.05) for 0 ppm than for 12 ppm. Gain at day 28 was the only variable affected by the treatments, when results were combined for parity one and parity two. Gain at day-28 was higher {P < 0.05) for 0 ppm and 24 ppm ergot alkaloids than for 12 ppm. Overall, variables that were affected by the infestation of grain sorghum by the ergot alkaloids were pig gain to day-28; lactation feed intake and interval to next estrus. The second project investigated the performance of 24 wether lambs fed corn, brown midrib-100, fame and Cow Vittles II silages. Silage is a palatable high-yielding source of nutrients for ruminants. In this study, silages supplemented were either cottonseed meal, coated cottonseed or uncoated cottonseed. Sorghum silages compared to com silage increased (P < 0.01) intakes of magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese. Intakes of dry matter, nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, copper, potassium, sulfur, manganese and iron were higher (P < 0.01) for brown midrib- 100 than for the mean of fame and Cow Vittles II. Additionally, intakes of copper, manganese and iron were higher (P < 0.01) for fame than for Cow Vittles.Item Evaluation and heritability of ergot resistance derived from sorghum germplasm IS8525.(Texas A&M University, 2004-09-30) Mateo Moncada, Rafael ArturoSorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is fifth among the major cereal crops in the world in terms of production area and total production. Grain sorghum can be successfully produced in a wide range of environments, its productivity is severely limited by pathogens, insects and abiotic stresses. One of these pathogens is Claviceps africana Frederickson Mantle & de Milliano, commonly known as ergot. As is the case with many sorghum diseases, the best long term approach to control ergot may be the use of genetic resistance. There is limited information about resistance to C. africana in sorghum, and the reported resistance in most lines is fertility-based. Dahlberg (1999) first reported the line IS8525 to have the most tolerance to ergot of any of the accessions screened in Puerto Rico. The specific objectives of this research are: (1) to confirm the presence of C. africana resistance in IS8525 germplasm, (2) to determine if the resistance in IS8525 is pollen mediated or ovule based, and (3) to determine if the resistance in IS8525 is heritable and stable across environments. Ergot vulnerability ratings were determined for two recombinant inbred line populations, IS8525D and IS8525J, in four locations during 2001. Also, ergot vulnerability ratings were evaluated in four test-cross populations (using as testers A3Tx623 and A3Tx623) in two locations. Evaluations of the original parents indicate that ergot tolerance in IS8525D parent was consistently better than that in IS8525J parent. As expected, neither parent provided complete resistance. The IS8525J recombinant inbred line population showed significantly more ergot susceptibility than the IS8525D recombinant inbred line population and this trend was consistent across environments. Variation for ergot vulnerability amo ng recombinant inbred lines for both populations was detected, but the amount of variability was environment dependent. In the testcross hybrids, all four populations were susceptible to ergot, primarily due to male sterility in the hybrids, confirming that the tolerance shown in IS8525 germplasm is mostly pollen mediated. However, a greater level of tolerance in the IS8525 hybrid checks confirmed the reports of tolerance by Dahlberg et al. (1998) and Reed et al. (2002).Item Lipids in respiratory particles of the Ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea)(Texas Tech University, 1963-08) Sun, Frank FengkangNot available