Browsing by Subject "Emotions in infants"
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Item Infants' response to a jealousy-inducement situation(Texas Tech University, 2001-05) Carrington, Heather AlisThis thesis discusses the literature on infants in face-to-face, still-face, and jealousy inducement conditions. Literature on the still-face situation is presented as a model for baseline reaction to maternal emotional unavailability. Empirical research is described to show that infants when placed in a still-face or jealous) inducement condition express more negative affect and protest behaviors compared to a face-to-face interaction. Past studies are used in this thesis to illustrate infants tendencies to become more disturbed when the mother is physically available, but emotionally unavailable. This thesis attempts to show that infants behavior toward the mother and facial expressions in the jealousy inducement condition might be similar to their responses in the still-face condition, but will differ from their responses to a face-to-face interaction. This thesis examines infant behaviors toward the mother (approach, avoidance, and gaze toward mother) and infant facial expressions (interest, joy, sadness, sadness/anger blends, anger, fear, pain, contempt, and disgust). Differences were found for infants' behavior toward the mother and facial expressions in the face-to-face, still-face, and jealousy inducement conditions. .All variables of infant behavior toward the mother showed significant differences between the conditions. While only four variables of infant facial expressions (interest. Joy, sadness, sadness/anger blends) showed significant differences between the conditions. Thus, suggesting that there might be conditions other than the still-face that are disturbing to the infantItem Maternal predictors of children's facial emotions in mother-child interactions(2007) Lusk, Kathryn Renee Preis; Dix, Theodore H.This study examined maternal predictors of children's facial expressions of emotion in mother-child interactions. Ninety-four mothers and their 14- to 27-month old toddlers were observed during a 20-minute interaction. Results demonstrated that two different components of maternal sensitivity, supportive behavior and child-oriented motivation, predicted more facial expressions of joy and sadness and less flat affect in children. Maternal autonomy granting, a third component of maternal sensitivity, predicted more facial expressions of anger in children. This study also examined relations between macrosocial variables (i.e., maternal well-being and demographic factors) and children's facial expressions of emotion and how maternal sensitivity mediated such relations. High maternal education was directly related to fewer facial expressions of sadness and anger, high SES was related to more facial expressions of joy, and both greater marital satisfaction and social support were related to more facial expressions of anger. It was also shown that supportive behavior mediated associations between: maternal depressive symptoms and both low joy and high flat affect, marital satisfaction and low flat affect, maternal education and high joy, and family income and high joy. Child-oriented motivation mediated associations between maternal depressive symptoms and both high flat affect and low sadness. Findings suggest that it is important to consider multiple measures of maternal sensitivity and the broader macrosocial context in which the parent-child relationship is embedded when examining children's facial expressions of emotion in mother-child interactions.Item Parental reactions to infants' and toddlers' negative emotions : parenting antecedents and child outcomes(2011-05) Frankel, Leslie Ann, 1984-; Hazen, Nancy Lynn; Jacobvitz, Deborah; Langlois, Judith; Anderson, Edward; Boyd-Soisson, ErinThe present study provides information about the relationships between parental reactions to their children‘s expression of negative emotions at 8 months, parent-infant attachment at 12 and 15 months and parental reactions to children‘s negative emotional expressions at 24 months, and as well as the extent to which all of these variables predict children‘s emotional expressivity as toddlers at 24 months, after controlling for infant emotional reactivity. Analyses showed that parental responses to infant negative emotions, insecure attachment and parental responses to toddlers‘ negative emotions as well as infant emotional reactivity all made independent contributions to predicting toddler negative (vs. positive) affect. Only insecure infant-parent attachment, not parental socialization or infant emotional reactivity, predicted toddler flat (vs. expressive) affect. The inclusion of fathers in this study is important not only to clarify how mothers and fathers differ in socializing their children‘s negative emotions, but also to have a more complete study of how emotional expressivity develops. Analyses conducted separately by parent gender revealed differences in the relationship between parental socialization, attachment and emotional expressivity across mothers and fathers, indicating that researchers should continue to include fathers in studies of socialization of emotional expressivity.