Browsing by Subject "Emergency management"
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Item Active Shooter Training: A Recommended Addition to the Basic Peace Officer Course(Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT), 2017) Dugas, NormanThe active shooter incidents that have occurred with more frequency throughout the nation have exposed a potential weakness in the initial training that is provided to Texas law enforcement officers. In their initial training academies, the law enforcement officers of the state of Texas are not being provided with the tools and tactics required to effectively deal with active shooter incidents. Agencies throughout Texas and the nation have recognized this need and have been supplementing their level of training with courses geared toward active shooter incidents. Obtaining this type of training is a step in the right direction; however, neighboring agencies trained in differing strategies and tactics could still encounter problems with efficiency and safety when assisting each other at an incident. A statewide standardized approach would enhance the efficiency and safety of on scene operations. A program developed by the ALERRT center at Texas State University is being utilized throughout the nation and has become the national standard in active shooter training (ALERRT, 2015). The Texas Commission on Law Enforcement should amend the initial basic peace officer licensing requirements to include active shooter training using the ALERRT model. Incorporating the active shooter program into the basic peace officer curriculum will standardize the training in this area. This standardization will go a long way to ensure that the officers of this state are better equipped to work together safely and efficiently. The end results of these efforts will have a positive impact on the ability to provide better service to the citizens that are served.Item Critical incident response plan(Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT), 2010) Perez, Ross W.Item Economic analysis of the tornado impact upon two communities(Texas Tech University, 2009-05) Martinez, Maribel; Ewing, Bradley T.; Liang, Daan; Kruse, JaimeThe aftermath of hurricane landfalls like Katrina and Rita in 2005 and the tornadoes of Moore, Oklahoma (1999) and Greensburg, Kansas (2007), remind us of not only the power such systems can contain but of the great human loss, social and emotional effects, economic loss, substantial infrastructural damage, and political and environmental impacts such storms carry with them. Although the number of people killed by all disasters has been generally decreasing due to better warning dissemination, the number of people affected by disasters and costs incurred by them remains high and continues to increase. Tornado damage does produce a negative effect on some business operations; however, direct damage is only one of several factors that contribute to business loss. Damage and disruption of utilities, transportation, reduced traffic, and reduced employee productivity can all additionally incur loss that may be as large as physical losses. Research on the short-term and long-term economic effects after a tornadic event is sparse, especially for small to mid-size communities. These communities often lack the political and economic influence of larger cities when it comes to preparing and recovering from an event. Although large metropolitans may have more population at risk, large urban areas often have the resources, training, and funds to deal with hazards and disasters. This study fills a void in the literature by focusing on the impact placed on two relatively small communities of Clovis, New Mexico and Tulia, Texas after tornadoes hit on March 23, 2007 and April 21, 2007 respectively. Over 450 residential structures and 33 businesses were damaged in Clovis. In Tulia, the business district took the brunt of the storm, completely destroying 24 businesses in the town with a population of 5100. This study sets a framework for future study and focuses on the collection, compilation and documentation of engineering, atmospheric, and economic data with implications for a rapid response economic impact analysis using primary data directly from impacted businesses, higher reliability data than traditional regional studies. Such analysis provides for more accurate economic estimates that would be available to federal and state officials who decide whether to issue a Presidential Declaration and the amount of funds to disperse to a community suffering from a disastrous event based on numbers reported to the state. It is important that these smaller jurisdictions properly account for all impacts since economic impacts may be larger than direct damage impacts and may be the difference in obtaining declaration status. Additionally, local officials will be able to determine where to exert these funds in a way that would be more economically feasible and towards effective mitigation planning, paving the way towards a faster recovery and leading towards greater local sustainability. Results of the study indicated that infrastructure such as power or water services did not play a role in business disruption as power was restored quickly in both cases. The people in the community came together along with many others from surrounding communities to help in the cleanup process. Debris was cleared within the week. Those businesses that sustained major damage not only to the structure but inventory as well, took longer to recover, between two to nine months. Additionally, permanent job loss impacts estimated by the economic impact analysis show significant immediate impact to Swisher County, spiking unemployment by nearly 36% and a loss of 22 jobs. Swisher County had an estimated $1,000,000 in output impact due to the decision of Alco not to rebuild. Additionally, research showed that when businesses are hit by a tornado, some experienced demand surge. This included auto repair shops and service firms such as insurance agents. Others continued to operate or recovered quickly by changing locations or operating out of their homes. However, establishments in sectors such as manufacturing/dairy/retail sustained longer lasting periods of business interruption.Item Factors and considerations for responding to incidents involving suspicious CBRNE substances(Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT), 2009) Serna, A. RoenItem The impact of institutional settings on local hazard mitigation efforts: a "new institutional" perspective(2005) Jung, Juchul; Paterson, Robert.Item Risk Analysis and Adaptive Response Planning for Water Distribution Systems Contamination Emergency Management(2012-10-19) Rasekh, AminDrinking water distribution systems (WDSs) hold a particularly critical and strategic position in preserving public health and industrial growth. Despite the ubiquity of this infrastructure, its importance for public health, and increased risk of terrorism, several aspects of emergency management for WDSs remain at an undeveloped stage. A set of methods is developed to analyze the risk and consequences of WDS contamination events and develop emergency response support tools. Monte Carlo and optimization schemes are developed to evaluate contamination risk of WDSs for generation of critical contamination scenarios. A multicriteria optimization approach is proposed that treats likelihood and consequences as independent risk measures to find an ensemble of uniformly-distributed critical scenarios. This approach provides insight into system risk and potential mitigation options not available under maximum risk or maximum consequences analyses. Static multiobjective simulation-optimization schemes are developed for generation of optimal response mechanisms for contamination incidents with twoconflicting objectives of minimization of health consequences and impacts on non-consumptive water uses. Performance of contaminant flushing and containment are investigated. Pressure-driven hydraulic analysis is performed to simulate the complicated system hydraulics under pressure-deficit conditions. Performance of a novel preventive response action ? injection of food-grade dye directly into drinking water ? for mitigation of health impacts as a contamination threat unfolds is explored. The emergency response is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem for the minimization of risks to life with minimum false warning and cost. A multiobjective optimization scheme is used for the management of contamination events for diverse contaminant agents without interruption of firefighting. A dynamic modeling scheme is developed that accounts for the time-varying behavior of the system during an emergency. Effects of actions taken by the managers and consumers as well as the changing perceived contaminant source attributes are included in the simulation model to provide a realistic picture of the dynamic environment. A dynamic optimization scheme is coupled with the simulation model to identify and update the optimal response recommendations during the emergency. Machine learning approaches are employed for real-time characterization of contaminant sources and identification of effective response strategies for a timely and effective response to contamination incidents and threats. In contrast to traditional approaches that perform whole analysis after a contamination event occurs, proposed machine learning methods gain system knowledge in advance and use this extracted information to identify contamination attributes after an incident occurs.Item Texas universities preparedness for critical incidents(Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT), 2010) Anthony, DavidItem The Role of Police in Emergency Management(Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT), 2003) Johnson, Richard C.