Browsing by Subject "Economic Status"
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Item Differences in Discipline Consequence Assignments by Ethnicity/Race and Economic Status for Texas Grade 6, 7, and 8 Girls: A Statewide Analysis(2017-10-17) Coleman, Crystal L.; Slate, John R.Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to examine the extent to which differences were present in discipline consequence assignments by the ethnicity/race and economic status for Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls in Texas. In the first investigation, the degree to which discipline consequence assignments differed by the ethnicity/race of Grades 6, 7, and 8 girls was addressed. In the second study, the extent to which discipline consequence assignments differed for Black girls by their economic status was investigated. Finally, in the third investigation, the degree to which discipline consequence assignments were different for Hispanic girls by their economic status was determined. The two discipline consequences of in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension were analyzed for four school years and separately for each grade level in each of the three investigations. As such, this multiyear analysis permitted a determination of trends, if present, in the differential assignment of discipline consequences. Method In this multiyear investigation, a non-experimental, causal comparative research design was used. Archival data analyzed in this investigation were previously obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 school years. The degree to which differences were present in discipline consequence assignments by student demographic characteristics (i.e., ethnicity/race and economic status) of girls in Texas middle schools was determined. Findings For all four school years, statistically significant differences were present in the assignment of both in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension by the ethnicity/race and economic status of Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls in Texas. Black girls received the highest rates of these two discipline consequences, followed by Hispanic girls. With respect to economic status, Black and Hispanic girls who were Extremely Poor had the highest rates of these two discipline consequences, followed by Black and Hispanic girls who were Moderately Poor. In this multiyear investigation, a stair-step effect (Carpenter et al., 2006) was clearly present in the assignment of discipline consequences by the ethnicity/race and the economic status of Grade 6, 7, and 8 girls in Texas. Results were congruent with the extant literature.Item Differences in the Reading Achievement of Texas Grade 3 English Language Learners as a Function of their Economic Status, Ethnicity/Race, and Gender: A Multiyear Statewide Study(2017-10-19) Schleeter, Gideon; Slate, John R.Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to examine the degree to which differences were present in the reading achievement of Grade 3 English Language Learners by their economic status, ethnicity/race, and gender. Specifically analyzed in the first investigation were the current Texas state-mandated assessments in reading and the extent to which test scores differed among English Language Learners who were Not Poor (i.e., did not qualify for the reduced or free lunch program), for English Language Learners who were Moderately Poor (i.e., qualified for the reduced lunch program), and for English Language Learners who were Extremely Poor (i.e., qualified for the free lunch program). In the second investigation, the current Texas state-mandated assessment in reading was examined to determine the extent to which test scores differed by the ethnicity/race (i.e., Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White) of English Language Learners. The purpose of the third investigation was to ascertain the degree to which reading scores were different between English Language Learner boys and girls. By examining three years of Texas statewide data in each article, the degree to which trends were present in the reading performance by the economic status, ethnicity/race, and gender of Grade 3 English Language Learners was determined. Method A casual comparative research design was used herein. Texas archival data on English Language Learners were analyzed for the 2012-2013 through the 2014-2015 school years. Inferential statistical procedures were calculated to determine whether differences in reading were present by economic disadvantage, ethnicity/race, and gender. Findings For each statistical analysis, as the poverty level of English Language Learners decreased, their reading performance was statistically significantly lower. Regarding ethnicity/race, Asian English Language Learners had statistically significantly higher reading performance than Hispanic, Black, and White English Language Learners in every analysis. Hispanic English Language Learners had the statistically poorest reading performance in most comparisons. White, Hispanic, and Black English Language Learners, had similar results throughout the comparisons. Concerning gender, English Language Learner girls outperformed English Language Learner boys in all statistical analyses. Results were congruent with existing literature regarding the relationship of economic status, ethnicity/race, and gender with reading performance.