Browsing by Subject "Dual-career families"
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Item Career and marriage among professional black couples(Texas Tech University, 1991-05) Moore, Pamela ReneeInvestigations of dual-career families and the Black family have focused on either a descriptive idealization or an aberrant criticism of their differences from the traditional nuclear family (Hall & Hall, 1980; Myers, 1982). Linda Gottfredson's (1981) theory of vocational circumscription and compromise provides a framework for an investigation of career and marital characteristics of Black dual-career couples. Circumscription (the development of criteria to eliminate alternatives) and compromise (the accommodation to uncontrollable circumstances) characterize the development of choices as reflected in several vocationally-relevant variables. The investigation focused on these variables in the vocational realm and as translated into the marital realm to provide insights into career and marital choices of Black dual-career couples. The 44 predominantly professional highly educated couples were found to be satisfied with their jobs and their marriages. Significant differences were found for gender in the Realistic, Investigative, and Enterprising vocational types with more men exhibiting these types than women. Men and women were most likely to be employed in Social occupations. Black men were more agapic (selfless love) in their attitudes toward love than Black women which may have been related to their predominance in Social occupations, and their characteristics of religiosity and willingness to act as leaders in their communities. In common with normative samples, both men and women viewed professional jobs as more prestigious than non-professional jobs with stereotypically masculine professional careers seen as the most prestigious group of careers. The values of home (children, religiosity, and family) were seen as more important than career-oriented values for both men and women. An examination of parental marital and vocational variables revealed differences in vocational behavior with more parents belonging in the worker class, utilizing friends versus agencies or advertisements as a way of finding work, and having jobs in the Realistic or Social areas of vocational interests. Results gave credence to the mechanisms of circumscription and compromise for both generations of Black couples. Counselors and other mental health professionals need to be aware of how distinctions of race, class, and sex may have an impact on Black dual-career couples.Item Cross-national comparison of parenting attitudes: women's and men's attitudes towards participation of household tasks and childcare(Texas Tech University, 1999-12) Apparala, Malathi LathaStudying attitudes is very important because attitudes often predict actual behavior. Attitudes might be the cause of many unresolved conflicts in families and may be related to marital satisfaction. Attitudes toward participation in household tasks and childcare by fathers and mothers were explored using Resource Theory, Social Role Theory, and Postmaterialism/Materialism. Individual-level, family-level, and macro-level hypotheses were formulated to test the basic assumptions of these theories. The present study utilized data from Euro-Barometer surveys including data from 15,136 individuals residing in 13 countries in Europe. Analysis procedures included simple correlations and multi-level regression equations. On the whole, the study clearly indicated that men's and women's attitudes toward household tasks and childcare are related to various individual, and macro-level factors. It was found that at the individual level respondents held egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare when they were younger, were female and held liberal political attitudes. At the country level, gender empowerment, GNP, and individualism were related to egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare. When looking at results separately by gender, social class was positively related to egalitarian attitudes towards household work and childcare in women. Few of the hypotheses were not supported, which might be because of methodological and conceptual problems. Researchers should consider replicating the results to support these findings. Study implications, strengths and weaknesses, as well as suggestions for future research were addressed.Item How was your day? It's more than just a greeting: communication about work in dual-career marriages(Texas Tech University, 2004-05) Keys, Amanda AThe purpose of this study was to explore how dual-career married couples describe and experience communication about work. Communication about work in the marital relationship has direct implications on the quality of marital interactions in dual-career couples. While there were data that support work influences on marital interactions m dual-career marriages (Burke & Weir, 1976; Moore, 1980; Rapoport & Rapoport, 1976; Krueger, 1985), there was little evidence that described communication about work in dual-career marriages. Through the use of m-depth interviews, this study not only allows for a greater understanding of communication about work in dual-career couples, but also affords a greater understanding of marital interactions in general, as they influence two very large spheres of interactions, work and family. The findings revealed the categories of features and functions of communication about work which led to the emergence of multiple subcategories and themes. From the findings, five lessons regarding communication about work were derived which revealed the power and intricacies of work talk in dual-career marriages.Item The relationship of role stressors, role involvement, social support, and work-family conflict among managers(Texas Tech University, 1996-12) Combs, J. CraigThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of role stressors, role involvement, social support, and work-family conflict among managers by applying a model of antecedents and moderators of work-family conflict. Based on past research, it has been concluded that job stressors and job involvement are key variables which affect work-family conflict among managers. The effect of family stressors and family involvement on managers is less clear and needs further examination. It also is evident from past research that social support may prove to be a significant main effect on and/or moderator between antecedent stressors and involvement and work-family conflict. The complexities of the relationship, however, have not been thoroughly examined. Furthermore, as a group, managers have the potential for experiencing high levels of work-family conflict and should be studied further to overcome inadequacies of previous research and to record the changes experienced by this group in a "fast-changing" society (Gutek, Repetti, & Silver, 1988). Such research is needed to provide a solid foundation for a variety of program interventions, particularly management training and education. Interventions such as these could help managers deal with the complex issues involved in work-family conflict, as well as make them more aware of and sensitive to the work-family conflict experienced by the employees who report to them.