Browsing by Subject "Developing countries"
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Item An analysis of the LDC bank loan market in light of two major defaults(Texas Tech University, 1997-05) Danisoglu, SezaIn this study, the focus will be on the consequential effects of such crises from the point of view of commercial banks that are involved in the lending process. An analysis will be carried out to learn the effects of the debt crisis on the Third World bank loan market. Specific questions will be asked as to the types of structural changes that take place when lending transforms into a crisis situation, and the impact of such crises on the market valuation of commercial banks. The main purpose of the research will be to identify the changes, if any, in the behavioral patterns of the commercial banks in the foreign debt market, after this market was struck in the early 1980s by a wave of worldwide defaults and moratoria by the Third World borrowers.Item Corporate responsibility as a strategic goal : open source healthcare appliances in developing countries(2010-12) Rosales, Antonio A., 1981-; Ambler, Tony; Duvic, Robert Conrad, 1947-Despite the trillions of dollars spent over the past decades on foreign aid 80% of humanity still lives on less than $10 dollars a day. There is an alarming need to deliver quality healthcare services and products to developing countries. The healthcare industry for developing countries is estimated to be $202 million and growing exponentially. However, intrinsic obstacles have prevented companies from fully deploying solutions in these countries. With the emergence of Citizen-Sector Organizations companies now have an alley to create High Value Chains enabling companies to deliver solutions to developing countries. Thereby, increasing shareholder value and increasing the living conditions of global citizens. As citizens of developing countries have better health care they are better equipped to succeed economically and consume other services and products the company has to offer. This paper discusses how an engineering manager can increase shareholder value by aligning corporate responsibility with the company’s strategic goals by leveraging High Value Chains. Specifically this paper discusses how open source methodologies can be utilized to improve healthcare in developing countries while increasing shareholder value.Item Differentials in traditional vs. sustainable tourism planning processes in developing countries, with an application of the sustainable tourism planning principles to the tourism destination of La Romana-Bayahibe, Dominican Republic(2008-12) De Schaun, Kelly Robinson; Oden, MichaelTourism development has been advocated for as a means by which to stimulate regional economic development in developing countries by international development agencies and governments seeking to transition from agricultural to industrial economies. First viewed as a purely private sector activity, tourism development planning was ad hoc or reactive to the demands of a quickly growing and highly dynamic industry. The externalities and negative impacts of rapid development and poor planning were quickly recognizable in small economies; high economic leakages, cultural encroachment, environmental degradation. When planning processes were undertaken, methodologies were derived from those of developed countries, proving not to be the most appropriate approaches to tourism development in lesser developed economies where administrative and structural capacities are weak or non-existent. Planning objectives also were heavily focused on physical requirements and financial outputs, all derived from identified market segments. Sustainable tourism development evolved from the recognition that the industry is dependant upon natural and cultural resources which must be preserved. Planning processes focus more on the capacity of these underlying resources, as opposed to simply meeting market demands for products and services. The integration of these resources as tourism amenities is furthermore thought to be crucial to sustaining the value of the tourism product. Nonetheless, sustainable tourism development planning is no better defined than its traditional counterpart. Implementation of planning processes, both traditional and sustainable, are challenging, especially in developing countries. This report seeks to identify fundamental differences in traditional versus sustaining planning processes for tourism in regards to vision, goals, objectives, strategies and performance indicators. The goals and objectives of sustainable tourism development are evaluated against national developmental indicators for socio-cultural, environmental and economic outcomes. A case study example is undertaken of the mass tourism destination La Romana-Bayahibe, Dominican Republic where, through the local private sector hotel association, the Interamerican Development Bank is funding the development of a “Sustainable Tourism Development Model”. An evaluation of the established goals and objectives is undertaken with the aim of identifying rational performance indicators for evaluation of the project’s impact.Item Estimating Brazilian cotton supply response: a linear supply system approach(Texas Tech University, 2004-05) Vado, Ligia ANot availableItem Organized labor and the alliance for progress(Texas Tech University, 1964-08) Shepherd, Ernest DeanIn view of the previous statement, the hypothesis of this paper is as follows: Organized labor, in the United States and in Latin America, is an essential force in achieving the goals of the Alliance for Progress. With regard to purpose, the plan of this thesis is to examine the role that labor is playing and will play in the Alliance and to judge its impact as to the validity of the above hypothesis.Item Perceptions of Third World news coverage and American advertising by foreign correspondents in U.S.(Texas Tech University, 1986-05) Doriawala, Dinoo KNot availableItem The effect of inflation on poverty in developing countries: A panel data analysis(2012-08) Talukdar, Shahidur R; Rahnama, Masha; Valcarcel, Victor J.ABSTRACT - The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of inflation on poverty in developing countries. I analyze the effect of inflation on poverty with a panel dataset comprising of 115 developing countries over the period 1981 - 2008. The dataset comprises of 10 observations for each country as the data is available at 3 year intervals. As previous studies indicate that poverty is also affected by factors such as income, external debt, educational attainment, and quality of governance, besides inflation, I take these as independent variables and poverty as the dependent variable. With the help of regression analysis, I find evidence supporting the view that inflation in, general, is positively correlated with poverty while income, educational attainment, and quality of governance show negative correlation with poverty in most of the specifications. Apart from the study of all the countries combined, I separately analyze the effect of inflation on poverty in low income countries, lower middle income countries, and upper middle income countries to see whether the effect of inflation is similar or different in countries with different levels of income. I find that although in most of the cases inflation shows a positive and statistically significant correlation with poverty, however, in the case of low income countries, the relationship between inflation and poverty is negative and statistically insignificant under certain specifications.Item The effects of sectoral components of GDP on FDI inflows in developing countries(2011-05) Layton, Thomas; Summers, Peter M.; Vargas, Andres; Moh, Young-KyuIn recent years, the effect of human capital on the attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been increasing. My thesis will investigate the importance of various sectors of the economy and their ability to determine inflows of FDI. I expand upon the model presented by Noorbakhsh, Paloni, and Youseff (2001). As an extension to future research these authors suggested implementing a disaggregated approach on FDI inflows into developing countries. I pursue this by modify their model which will consist of adding new control variables such as Net Official Development Assistance (ODA), the value added from the agriculture, industrial, service, and manufacturing sectors, and domestic credit provided by the banking sector. I estimate several ordinary least squares, fixed affects, and dynamic panel models from 1980-2008. The models include data from thirty- nine developing countries ranging from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. I conclude that the sectoral components of GDP are important determinants of FDI inflows.Item The population explosion in underdeveloped countries and United States foreign aid(Texas Tech University, 1964-08) Keltner, KayNot availableItem Three essays on trade and investment in children in developing countries(2012-05) Majlesi, Kaveh; Black, Sandra E.; Abrevaya, Jason; Linden, Leigh; Trejo, Stephen; Cavanagh, ShannonThis dissertation contains three chapters on international trade and investment in children's human capital in developing countries. The first chapter examines the effects of changes in labor market opportunities for women on the bargaining power of women within households and, ultimately, on investment in children's human capital. I show that a positive demand shock for female labor in a woman's age category increases her bargaining power, and this raises investment in the health of girls relative to that of boys within the household. To identify this effect, I exploit the geographic heterogeneity in demand for younger versus older female labor within the Mexican export manufacturing sector and its differential changes across municipalities between 2002 and 2005. I find that a 1 percent increase in labor demand for older (mostly married) women, caused by a demand shock to the export manufacturing sector, raises the share of decisions made by the wife in a household by 1.3 percent and the chance of a daughter being in good health by 1.1 percent. Previous research has shown that school enrollment in developing countries responds to a change in the return to education generated by a change in demand in the export sector, that pays higher wages for a given skill level. In the second chapter of my dissertation, using data from Mexico, I show that the negative effects of a lower return to education are not limited to lower rates of school enrollment. Parents also respond to a decrease in the return to education for children, as a result of an increase in labor market opportunities for very young, unskilled labor in the export sector, by reducing spending on children's education even while they are enrolled at school. This suggests that parents respond along the intensive margin as well as on the extensive margin. Firm level studies offer mixed results on the effect of ex-ante liquidity constraints on firms' export status. The third chapter of my dissertation explores the same matter using a new methodology. I predict that, controlling for the firms' productivity level and given that firms were not exporters in the previous period, a larger appreciation of the real exchange rate should have a larger positive effect on the probability of less-liquidity-constrained firms becoming exporters. I test this prediction using a panel of Mexican manufacturing firms and find robust evidence in its support.Item Toward a comparative study of dependency and economic development: measurement and analysis(Texas Tech University, 1996-05) Farmer, Brian RussIn the investigation of the relationship between dependency and the physical quality of life (PQLI) in LDCs, it is possible that dependency may prove to be associated with lower PQLI, but not be a factor which perpetuates low PQLI. In other words, an observed association between dependency and low PQLI may very well be spurious, similar to the association between individual height and the height of siblings. Clearly, tall persons tend to have tall siblings, but the association is not causal and the reason for the relationship can be discovered elsewhere. To establish the direction of the causal arrow in the dependency/PQLI relationship, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between dependency and the growth or improvement of PQLI (Quality Improvement). If dependency proves to be associated with slower Quality Improvement, then the logical conclusion is that dependency is a phenomenon which perpetuates the lower QLI with which it is associated. If dependency is not related to slower Quality Improvement, then the reverse is logically correct, and dependency does not perpetuate or cause lower PQLI, but should then be viewed merely as a characteristic of states with lower PQLI; the causes of which are to be found elsewhere. As will be shown in this study, another omission in the empirical studies of dependency/inequality relationships is the failure to control for regime type. Abbas Pourgerami's (1991) empirical results suggest that democracy enjoys a complementary relationship with economic and political freedom, and, conversely, authoritarian regimes are more likely to "lead to situations in which some elite units enjoy progress and modernity, while the majority remain socio-economically impoverished and politically repressed" (Pourgerami, 1991, p. 136). In other words, inequality and PQLI in LDCs may be related to the internal factor of regime type as opposed to extemal dependency factors. Consequently, one would expect inequality to be less severe in democracies due to the ability of citizens to make demands on government, an ability which may exist to a lesser degree in authoritarian states.