Browsing by Subject "Demand"
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Item Analysis of Mexican demand for meat: a post-NAFTA demand systems aproach(2006-12) Clark, Georgia Rae; Malaga, Jaime; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Mohanty, SamarenduEstimates of the parameters of Mexican demand for beef, pork, and chicken are determined using demand system methodology with the most recent data available. Updated cross-price and expenditure elasticities are estimated to support a more accurate analysis of the effects of prices and income on Mexican demand for meat in recent years. A test for structural change is included to examine if preferences have shifted meat demand elasticities in Mexico since the NAFTA implementation, but the test does not determine a definitive shift in demand.Item Demand Analysis Concerning the Promised Land White and Chocolate Milk Brands in Texas(2013-05-03) Bingham, David EldonThis thesis provides a unique perspective to the milk market relative to previous studies. While there is rich literature on the various sectors of the milk market, a contribution to this literature was made by providing a specific econometric analysis of the Promised Land brand. Previous work conducted by Capps and Salin (2010) provided the foundation for this thesis. The purpose of this thesis was threefold: 1. Estimate household demand functions for Promised Land white and chocolate milk using Nielsen homescan data. The demand functions were estimated using a tobit model to estimate the conditional and unconditional own-price and cross-price effects of Promised Land white and chocolate milk. 2. Assess the impacts of household demographic drivers of demand for Promised Land white and chocolate milk. 3. Use the empirical results derived from the tobit model to identify substitutes and complements of Promised Land white and chocolate milk and provide a profile of households that purchase Promised Land white and chocolate milk. The study concluded that households who purchased Promised Land white were insensitive to changes in the price of Promised Land white milk. The price of private label milk was the only cross-price that was significant in the quantity of Promised Land white milk purchased. The estimated elasticities showed that Promised Land white milk and private label white milk were substitutes. From the estimated elasticities, it was found that households that purchased Promised Land chocolate milk were largely insensitive to changes in the price of Promised Land chocolate milk. It was also found that the prices of Nesquick, Oak Farms, and private label chocolate milk had a significant effect on the quantity of Promised Land chocolate milk purchased. Of these significant prices, private label and Oak Farms chocolate milk were substitutes for Promised Land chocolate milk. The price of Nesquick chocolate milk demonstrated a complementary relationship with Promised Land chocolate milk.Item Endogenous variables and weak instruments in cross-sectional nutrient demand and health information analysis: a comparison of solutions(Texas A&M University, 2004-09-30) Bakhtavoryan, Rafael GagikIn recent years, increasing attention has turned toward the effect of health information or health knowledge on nutrient intake. In determining the effect of health information on nutrient demand, researchers face the estimation problem of dealing with the endogeneity of health information knowledge. The standard approach for dealing with this problem is an instrumental variables (IV) procedure. Unfortunately, recent research has demonstrated that the IV procedure may not be reliable in the types of data sets that contain health information and nutrient intakes because the instruments are not sufficiently correlated with the endogenous variables (i.e., instruments are weak). This thesis compares the reliability of the IV procedure (and the Hausman test) with a relatively new procedure, directed graphs, given weak instruments. The goal is to determine if the method of directed graphs performs better in identifying an endogenous variable and also relevant instruments. The performance of the Hausman test and directed graphs are first assessed through conducting a Monte-Carlo sampling experiment containing weak instruments. Because the structure of the model is known in the Monte-Carlo experiment, these results are used as a guideline to determine which procedure would be more reliable in a real world setting. The procedures are then applied to a real-world cross-sectional dataset on nutrient intake. This thesis provides empirical evidence that neither the IV estimator (and Hausman test) or the directed graphs are reliable when instruments are weak, as in a cross-sectional dataset.Item Household- and Market-Level Perspectives on the Peter Pan Peanut Butter Recall Using Nielsen Homescan Panel Data(2012-02-14) Bakhtavoryan, RafaelUsing household level scanner data for 2006, 2007, and 2008, this dissertation consists of four studies, which present household- and market-level analyses of food safety issues concerning the 2007 Peter Pan recall on the demand for peanut butter at the category level and at the brand level. Findings of the first study suggested that the recall had a statistically significant positive effect on the demand for peanut butter at the category level. At the brand level, spillover effects were evident in that the demand for Jif was positively affected, while the demand for Skippy was negatively affected. The second study examined structural change in the demand for peanut butter using demand system models corresponding to the pre-recall and the post-recall periods. Matrices of own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities were calculated for both recall periods, and upon comparison, there were statistical differences in the corresponding estimated elasticities. In general, most price elasticities in the post-recall period were larger in absolute value than the comparable elasticities in the pre-recall period. The third study investigated the impact of household socio-economic characteristics associated with choices to purchase peanut butter across the pre- and the post-recall periods. Four choice scenarios were no buy-no buy, buy-no buy, no buy-buy, and buy-buy. Socio-economic characteristics considered included age, employment, education, race, ethnicity, presence of male and/or female household head, region, age and presence of children in the household, household size, and income. While the results varied by brand, region was the socio-demographic characteristic that was consistently significant among the choice scenarios for the respective peanut butter brands. Conditional on households purchasing peanut butter in both the pre- and the post-recall periods, the final analysis examined the influence of the same aforementioned socio-economic variables as well as the change in the own price on the change in the quantity purchased. The results varied across brands, but the principal drivers of the conditional change in the quantity purchased were the change in the own price and the age and presence of children in the household.