Browsing by Subject "DHEA"
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Item DHEA in hair and glucose control in African-American adults(2015-08) Lehrer, Henry Matthew; Steinhardt, Mary; Maslowsky, JulieThe relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and glucose control is unclear. Hair DHEA analysis, which allows the assessment of long-term integrated hormone levels, may provide an advantage over previous DHEA measures and bring clarity to the association between DHEA and glucose control. We used the analysis of DHEA in hair to examine associations of long-term DHEA levels with prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA[subscript 1C]) in a group of African-American adults. Participants included 69 community-dwelling African-American adults (aged 21–84 years; 84% female). The first 3 cm of scalp-near hair were analyzed for DHEA concentration using enzyme-linked immunoassay analysis (ELISA). HbA[subscript 1C] was assessed and dichotomized into T2DM (HbA[subscript 1C] >= 6.5%) or not and Elevated HbA[subscript 1C] (>= 5.7%) or not, based on National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) criteria. In logistic regression analyses, DHEA concentrations inversely predicted T2DM and Elevated HbA[subscript 1C] statuses (separately), independent of age, sex, depressive symptoms, and minutes of exercise per week. Long-term DHEA secretion, as assessed in scalp hair, inversely predicted T2DM and elevated HbA[subscript 1C] statuses in African-American adults. Scalp hair may be a useful tool for future work involving DHEA and metabolic function.Item Evaluation of Stress Before, During, and After Transport in Naive Yearling Horses(2010-07-14) Garey, Shannon M.Recently, the European Union published regulations regarding the welfare of horses during transport requiring that horses be transported in individual stalls separated by partitions. The objective of this study was to determine if concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone, or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) differed among horses with no prior transport experience when transported in individual stalls versus loose groups. Twenty na?ve yearlings were assigned to either individual stalls or a loose group, then transported for 6 hours. Ten horses were transported per day (5 in stalls and 5 in a loose group) over a two day trial. The experiment was replicated with a second trial 35 days later, and utilized a switchback design where the horses exchanged treatments between trials. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for cortisol, corticosterone, and DHEA concentrations at pre-transport, 2, 4, and 6 h of transport, and at 2 and 4 h after unloading. After Trial 2, the horses? changed housing from group paddocks to stalls and a follow-up experiment was conducted. The data were analyzed using a mixed model repeated measures ANOVA with the animal as the subject, with trial, treatment, sample time, and treatment-sample time interaction in the model with unstructured covariance (SAS 9.1). Differences between sample times within each trial, and pre-transport concentrations between trials, were analyzed using paired t-tests (SPSS 12.0.1). No significant differences were found in hormone concentrations for horses transported in individual stalls versus in loose groups. Horses exhibited a significant elevation in cortisol and corticosterone during transport which returned to pre-transport concentrations by 2 hr after transport (P < 0.01). Mean pre-transport cortisol concentrations rose significantly in Trial 3 (7.87 ng/ml) from Trials 1 (2.71 ng/ml) and 2 (2.84 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). Pre-transport concentrations of DHEA in Trials 1 (482 pg/ml) and 2 (392 pg/ml) also rose significantly in Trial 3 (1607 pg/ml) (P < 0.01). Changes in cortisol and DHEA indicated that transportation was a significant stressor for horses, however, being transported in a loose group versus individual stalls was not different. Also, housing changes from paddocks to stalls resulted in significant increases in pre-transport concentrations of stress-related compounds.