Browsing by Subject "Crop yields"
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Item Development of a plant-based method for cotton cultivar maturity classification(2012-05) Painter, Tyler; Ritchie, Glen L.; Bednarz, Craig W.; Auld, Dick L.; Dever, Jane G. K.Maturity is a significant part of cotton production and can affect yield, quality, and suitability to an environment. However, maturity characteristics are often measured independently of actual fruiting site locations on cotton plants. The purpose of this study was to define maturity of multiple cultivars based on fruit distribution and compare these measurements with in-season plant maturity estimates. Field experiments were conducted in 2010-2011 with seven cotton cultivars in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two locations. Measurements of in-season nodes above white flower and end-of-season boll distribution were used to determine cultivar maturity characteristics. Cultivars showed consistent nodes above white flower maturity ranking characteristics between environments in 2011, but differed in 2010. However, relative maturity of the cultivars based on boll distribution was consistent over all of the environments tested in 2010 and 2011. Our results suggest that maturity comparisons between cultivars are more accurately performed using boll distribution than nodes above white flower.Item Effects of irrigation termination date on cotton yield and fiber quality(2012-05) Reeves, Heath; Ritchie, Glen L.; Bednarz, Craig W.; Hequet, Eric F.; Johnson, JeffFiber immaturity decreases profits for many cotton producers on the Texas High Plains. Correct timing of the final irrigation may enhance crop maturity and conserve water. Irrigation termination shortly after physiological cutout may inhibit the production of young fruit and divert additional resources to existing fruit, promoting fiber maturity. The objective of this research was to determine if proper irrigation termination can increase crop maturity rate and improve fiber quality without affecting yield. Studies were conducted for three site-years on sub-surface drip irrigation at Halfway, New Deal, and Lubbock, Texas in 2010 and 2011. Multiple cultivars were grown under three irrigation termination methods: incremental termination at nodes above white flower (NAWF) = 5 + 2 weeks; incremental termination at NAWF = 5 + 4 weeks; and complete irrigation cut-off at NAWF = 5 + 6 weeks. Production and retention of the uppermost flowers and fruit were measured, as well as fiber quality from the harvested plots. In 2010, length was improved with earlier termination at the Halfway location. At the Quaker location, seed yield, lint, turnout, and length improved with later termination, but micronaire became less desirable. In 2011, turnout and micronaire were improved with earlier irrigation termination. When the cost of irrigation was low, the 4 week irrigation treatment was the most profitable in 2010, but as the cost of irrigation reached $10/ha-cm, the Halfway location became more profitable with the 2 week irrigation. In 2011, net income between irrigations was not statistically different.Item The effect of fertilizer, row spacing and irrigation on grain sorghum yields(Texas Tech University, 1974-05) Wright, J. JoeNot availableItem The Effect of Irrigation tailwater Runoff Time on Crop Yield Along Graded Furrows(Texas Tech University, 1974-05) New, Leslie LeonNot Available.Item Tolerance and weed management in glufosinate-tolerant cotton(Texas Tech University, 2003-08) Burns, Brent ChrisNot availableItem Water use efficiency and irrigation response of cotton cultivars under sub-surface drip irrigation in West Texas(2012-05) Snowden, Michael; Ritchie, Glen L.; Thompson, Thomas L.; Mulligan, KevinThe High Plains Aquifer is the source of nearly all agriculture irrigation water in the Texas High Plains, and its resources are being depleted due to withdrawals that greatly exceed recharge. Decreasing water availability has led to research on water use requirements of most agronomic crops, including yield and quality impacts of deficit irrigation. Some drought-tolerant crops such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), can adapt well to deficit irrigation. The objectives of this study were to i) evaluate the water use efficiency and boll distribution patterns of cotton cultivars at varying levels of sub-surface drip irrigation from severe-deficit to fully irrigated, ii) compare growth and yield characteristics between cultivars at varying irrigation levels, and iii) determine yield stability under deficit irrigation in West Texas. Yield, water use efficiency and boll distribution were compared during 2010 and 2011 for cultivars DP 0912, DP 0924, DP 0935, DP 1028, DP 1032, DP 1044, and FM 9160. In 2010, FM 9160, DP 1044, and DP 0912 had the three highest average yields and water use efficiencies. DP1044 and FM9160 performed very well under deficit irrigation. In 2011 cultivar DP1044 again was a top performer along with DP0935 and DP0924. Average yield ranges of 1077 to 1256 kg ha-1for 2010 and 958 to 1074 kg ha-1 for 2011 were common to those produced in West Texas. Water use efficiency was also common for West Texas with ranges of 0.23 to 0.27 for 2010 and 0.17 to 0.19 kg m-3 for 2011. Boll distribution patterns varied significantly between cultivars and within irrigation treatments. Three cultivars (DP1044, FM 9160 and DP 0935) increased fruit production near the top of the plants in response to irrigation, and also had good yield and yield stability; their yield patterns may be favorable for limited water conditions in the Texas High Plains.